Zinc supplementation might potentiate the effect of vitamin A in restoring night vision in pregnant Nepalese women

P. Christian, Subarna Khatry, S. Yamini, R. Stallings, S. C. LeClerq, S. R. Shrestha, E. K. Pradhan, Jr West

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

40 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background: Zinc deficiency may result in abnormal dark adaptation or night blindness, a symptom primarily of vitamin A deficiency. During a placebo-controlled trial in Nepal, weekly vitamin A supplementation of women reduced but failed to eliminate the incidence of night blindness during pregnancy, suggesting a role for zinc. Objective: The study examined the efficacy of daily zinc supplementation in restoring night vision of pregnant women who developed night blindness while routinely receiving either vitamin A, β-carotene, or placebo in a field trial. Design: Women (n = 202) who reported to be night blind during pregnancy were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner, stratified on vitamin A, β-carotene, or placebo receipt, to receive 25 mg Zn or placebo daily for 3 wk. Thus, the 6 groups studied were as follows: β-carotene + zinc, β-carotene alone, vitamin A + zinc, vitamin A alone (vitamin A + placebo), zinc alone (zinc + placebo), and placebo (2 placebos: one for the vitamin A or β-carotene study and one for the zinc study). Women underwent a clinic-based assessment that included pupillary threshold testing and phlebotomy before and after supplementation. Supplement use and daily history of night blindness were obtained at home twice every week. Results: Zinc treatment increased serum zinc concentrations, but alone (zinc alone group), failed to restore night vision or to improve dark adaptation. However, women in the vitamin A + zinc group who had baseline serum zinc concentrations <9.9 μmol/L were 4 times more likely to have their night vision restored (95% CI: 1.1, 17.3) than were women in the placebo group and tended to have a small improvement in pupillary threshold scores (by 0.21 log candela/m2; P = 0.09). Conclusion: These data suggest that zinc potentiated the effect of vitamin A in restoring night vision among night-blind pregnant women with low initial serum zinc concentrations.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1045-1051
Number of pages7
JournalAmerican Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Volume73
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - 2001

Keywords

  • Dark adaptation
  • Nepal
  • Night blindness
  • Pregnancy
  • Pupillary threshold
  • Vitamin A
  • Women
  • Zinc

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Medicine (miscellaneous)
  • Nutrition and Dietetics

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