Xenopus, An Ideal Vertebrate System for Studies of Eye Development and Regeneration

This chapter highlights the Xenopus as the model for studies of eye development and regeneration. Xenopus researchers are now found in nearly every major research institution, and studies using Xenopus have led to tremendous advances in understanding of cell inductive interactions and signaling pathways underlying embryonic pattern formation, cell determination, and organogenesis. More specifically, experimental studies using Xenopus have made significant contributions toward understanding the process of eye development and embryonic lens induction. Though not as proficient as some other amphibians, Xenopus is capable of regenerating certain tissues, including parts of the eye, particularly during larval stages. Furthermore, studies conducted with Xenopus have shed light on the mechanisms underlying these processes. Xenopus offers a tremendous advantage to cell and developmental biologists by providing a ready source of eggs and embryos for research. In captivity, Xenopus remains fertile throughout the year, and mating and egg laying can be stimulated using pituitary extracts or human chorionic gonadotropin.