TY - JOUR
T1 - Working memory circuitry in schizophrenia shows widespread cortical inefficiency and compensation
AU - Kim, Miyoung A.
AU - Tura, Emanuela
AU - Potkin, Steven G.
AU - Fallon, James H.
AU - Manoach, Dara S.
AU - Calhoun, Vince D.
AU - Turner, Jessica A.
N1 - Funding Information:
Support for this research was provided in part by the Functional Imaging Biomedical Informatics Research Network (FBIRN) ( U24 RR021382 ), National Center for Research Resources , and the National Institutes of Health . The members of the FBIRN project all deserve acknowledgement for their significant efforts, but unfortunately, they are too numerous to mention. Please visit http://www.fbirn.org for more information regarding key personnel. Parts of these analyses were presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in 2007.
Funding Information:
This research was supported by U24-RR021992 to the Functional Imaging Biomedical Informatics Research Network (FBIRN, http://www.fbirn.org ), funded by the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The NCRR and NIH had no further role in the study design; in the collection, analyses, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Parts of these analyses were presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience in 2007.
PY - 2010/3
Y1 - 2010/3
N2 - Background: Working memory studies in schizophrenia (SZ), using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and univariate analyses, have led to observations of hypo- or hyperactivation of discrete cortical regions and subsequent interpretations (e.g. neural inefficiencies). We employed a data-driven, multivariate analysis to identify the patterns of brain-behavior relationships in SZ during working memory. Methods: fMRI scans were collected from 13 SZ and 18 healthy control (HC) participants performing a modified Sternberg item recognition paradigm with three memory loads. We applied partial least squares analysis (PLS) to assess brain activation during the task both alone and with behavioral measures (accuracy and response time, RT) as covariates. Results: While the HC primary pattern was not affected by increasing load demands, SZ participants showed an exaggerated change in the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) signal from the low to moderate memory load conditions and subsequent decrease in the greatest memory load, in frontal, motor, parietal and subcortical areas. With behavioral covariates, the separate groups identified distinct brain-behavior relationships and circuits. Increased activation of the middle temporal gyrus was associated with greater accuracy and faster RT only in SZ. Conclusions: The inverted U-shaped curves in the SZ BOLD signal in the same areas that show flat activation in the HC data indicate widespread neural inefficiency in working memory in SZ. While both groups performed the task with similar levels of accuracy, participants with schizophrenia show a compensatory network of different sub-regions of the prefrontal cortex, parietal lobule, and the temporal gyri in this working memory task.
AB - Background: Working memory studies in schizophrenia (SZ), using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and univariate analyses, have led to observations of hypo- or hyperactivation of discrete cortical regions and subsequent interpretations (e.g. neural inefficiencies). We employed a data-driven, multivariate analysis to identify the patterns of brain-behavior relationships in SZ during working memory. Methods: fMRI scans were collected from 13 SZ and 18 healthy control (HC) participants performing a modified Sternberg item recognition paradigm with three memory loads. We applied partial least squares analysis (PLS) to assess brain activation during the task both alone and with behavioral measures (accuracy and response time, RT) as covariates. Results: While the HC primary pattern was not affected by increasing load demands, SZ participants showed an exaggerated change in the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) signal from the low to moderate memory load conditions and subsequent decrease in the greatest memory load, in frontal, motor, parietal and subcortical areas. With behavioral covariates, the separate groups identified distinct brain-behavior relationships and circuits. Increased activation of the middle temporal gyrus was associated with greater accuracy and faster RT only in SZ. Conclusions: The inverted U-shaped curves in the SZ BOLD signal in the same areas that show flat activation in the HC data indicate widespread neural inefficiency in working memory in SZ. While both groups performed the task with similar levels of accuracy, participants with schizophrenia show a compensatory network of different sub-regions of the prefrontal cortex, parietal lobule, and the temporal gyri in this working memory task.
KW - Functional magnetic resonance imaging
KW - Multivariate analysis
KW - Neurocircuitry
KW - Partial least squares
KW - Schizophrenia
KW - Working memory
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U2 - 10.1016/j.schres.2009.12.014
DO - 10.1016/j.schres.2009.12.014
M3 - Article
C2 - 20096539
AN - SCOPUS:75949098490
VL - 117
SP - 42
EP - 51
JO - Schizophrenia Research
JF - Schizophrenia Research
SN - 0920-9964
IS - 1
ER -