TY - JOUR
T1 - What Are Spectral and Spatial Distributions of EEG-EMG Correlations in Overground Walking? An Exploratory Study
AU - Li, Junhua
AU - Dimitrakopoulos, Georgios N.
AU - Thangavel, Pavithra
AU - Chen, Gong
AU - Sun, Yu
AU - Guo, Zhao
AU - Yu, Haoyong
AU - Thakor, Nitish
AU - Bezerianos, Anastasios
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61806149, and in part by the Ministry of Education of Singapore under Grant MOE2014-T2-1-115.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2013 IEEE.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - You probably believe that a latent relationship between the brain and lower limbs exists and it varies across different walking conditions (e.g., walking with or without an exoskeleton). Have you ever thought what the distributions of measured signals are? To address this question, we simultaneously collected electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) signals while healthy participants were conducting four overground walking conditions without any constraints (e.g., specific speed). The EEG results demonstrated that a wide range of frequencies from delta band to gamma band were involved in walking. The EEG power spectral density (PSD) was significantly different in sensorimotor and posterior parietal areas between exoskeleton-assisted walking and non-exoskeleton walking. The EMG PSD difference was predominantly observed in the theta band and the gastrocnemius lateralis muscle. EEG-EMG PSD correlations differed among walking conditions. The alpha and beta bands were primarily involved in consistently increasing EEG-EMG PSD correlations across the walking conditions, while the theta band was primarily involved in consistently decreasing correlations as observed in the EEG involvement. However, there is no dominant frequency band as observed in the EMG involvement. Channels located over the sensorimotor area were primarily involved in consistently decreasing EEG-EMG PSD correlations and the outer-ring channels were involved in the increasing EEG-EMG PSD correlations. Our study revealed the spectral and spatial distributions relevant to overground walking and deepened the understanding of EEG and EMG representations during locomotion, which may inform the development of a more human-compatible exoskeleton and its usage in motor rehabilitation.
AB - You probably believe that a latent relationship between the brain and lower limbs exists and it varies across different walking conditions (e.g., walking with or without an exoskeleton). Have you ever thought what the distributions of measured signals are? To address this question, we simultaneously collected electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) signals while healthy participants were conducting four overground walking conditions without any constraints (e.g., specific speed). The EEG results demonstrated that a wide range of frequencies from delta band to gamma band were involved in walking. The EEG power spectral density (PSD) was significantly different in sensorimotor and posterior parietal areas between exoskeleton-assisted walking and non-exoskeleton walking. The EMG PSD difference was predominantly observed in the theta band and the gastrocnemius lateralis muscle. EEG-EMG PSD correlations differed among walking conditions. The alpha and beta bands were primarily involved in consistently increasing EEG-EMG PSD correlations across the walking conditions, while the theta band was primarily involved in consistently decreasing correlations as observed in the EEG involvement. However, there is no dominant frequency band as observed in the EMG involvement. Channels located over the sensorimotor area were primarily involved in consistently decreasing EEG-EMG PSD correlations and the outer-ring channels were involved in the increasing EEG-EMG PSD correlations. Our study revealed the spectral and spatial distributions relevant to overground walking and deepened the understanding of EEG and EMG representations during locomotion, which may inform the development of a more human-compatible exoskeleton and its usage in motor rehabilitation.
KW - Correlation distribution
KW - electroencephalogram (EEG)
KW - electromyogram (EMG)
KW - exoskeleton-assisted overground walking
KW - naturalistic overground walking
KW - power spectral density (PSD)
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U2 - 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2945602
DO - 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2945602
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85073671292
SN - 2169-3536
VL - 7
SP - 143935
EP - 143946
JO - IEEE Access
JF - IEEE Access
M1 - 8859178
ER -