TY - JOUR
T1 - Variations in Treatment of C2 Fractures by Time, Age, and Geographic Region in the United States
T2 - An Analysis of 4818 Patients
AU - Grabel, Zachary J.
AU - Armaghani, Sheyan J.
AU - Vu, Catphuong
AU - Jain, Amit
AU - Yoon, S. Tim
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2018/5
Y1 - 2018/5
N2 - Background: The optimal form of treatment for C2 spine fractures is controversial. This investigation analyzed the variations in treatment of C2 fractures over time, by age group, and by geographic location. Methods: The Nationwide Emergency Department Sample database was queried to identify patients 18 years and older who sustained C2 fracture without neurologic injury from 2006 to 2012. Subsequently, patients were further filtered based on the intervention they received: collar, halo, and surgery. Regions of hospital used in analysis were defined as Northeast, Midwest, South, and West. Linear regression models were used to analyze trends for C2 incidence rates and treatment type. Analysis of variance tests were used to determine differences among procedure groups when stratified by regions and age groups. Results: Surgical intervention for C2 fracture increased from 36.5% in 2006 to 55.7% in 2012 (r = 0.116, P < 0.001). In contrast, the rate of halo use decreased from 57.8% in 2006 to 37.1% in 2012 (r = −0.139, P < 0.001). Surgery displayed increasing trend across all age groups. A greater proportion of patients in the Northeast were treated by collar compared with all other regions (P < 0.001). In contrast, halo use was significantly lower in the Northeast than the other 3 regions (P < 0.001). Conclusions: This investigation demonstrated that surgical management of C2 fractures is increasing in frequency over time and at all age groups. Furthermore, the treatment of these fractures varies by region—the Northeast had the highest incidence of collar use and lowest rate of halo use.
AB - Background: The optimal form of treatment for C2 spine fractures is controversial. This investigation analyzed the variations in treatment of C2 fractures over time, by age group, and by geographic location. Methods: The Nationwide Emergency Department Sample database was queried to identify patients 18 years and older who sustained C2 fracture without neurologic injury from 2006 to 2012. Subsequently, patients were further filtered based on the intervention they received: collar, halo, and surgery. Regions of hospital used in analysis were defined as Northeast, Midwest, South, and West. Linear regression models were used to analyze trends for C2 incidence rates and treatment type. Analysis of variance tests were used to determine differences among procedure groups when stratified by regions and age groups. Results: Surgical intervention for C2 fracture increased from 36.5% in 2006 to 55.7% in 2012 (r = 0.116, P < 0.001). In contrast, the rate of halo use decreased from 57.8% in 2006 to 37.1% in 2012 (r = −0.139, P < 0.001). Surgery displayed increasing trend across all age groups. A greater proportion of patients in the Northeast were treated by collar compared with all other regions (P < 0.001). In contrast, halo use was significantly lower in the Northeast than the other 3 regions (P < 0.001). Conclusions: This investigation demonstrated that surgical management of C2 fractures is increasing in frequency over time and at all age groups. Furthermore, the treatment of these fractures varies by region—the Northeast had the highest incidence of collar use and lowest rate of halo use.
KW - C2 fracture
KW - Cervical collar
KW - Halo
KW - Treatment variations
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U2 - 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.02.083
DO - 10.1016/j.wneu.2018.02.083
M3 - Article
C2 - 29477004
AN - SCOPUS:85043454799
SN - 1878-8750
VL - 113
SP - e535-e541
JO - World neurosurgery
JF - World neurosurgery
ER -