TY - JOUR
T1 - Vaccine immunogenicity in injecting drug users
T2 - a systematic review
AU - Baral, Stefan
AU - Sherman, Susan G.
AU - Millson, Peggy
AU - Beyrer, Chris
N1 - Funding Information:
SB's fellowship is funded by the Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. We thank Jiwon Oh MD for critical review of the manuscript. We also acknowledge Nicole Franck and Mary McHugh for manuscript review and preparation.
PY - 2007/10
Y1 - 2007/10
N2 - Injection drug use is a prevalent global phenomenon; one not bound by a country's level of development or geographical location. Injection drug users (IDUs) are at high risk for a variety of parenterally acquired and transmitted infections. Licensed vaccines are available for some of these infectious diseases, such as tetanus, influenza, and hepatitis A and B viruses; however, there have been conflicting reports as to their immunogenicity in IDUs. We summarise the lessons learned from studies evaluating the immunogenicity of vaccination strategies in IDUs. A common theme across these diseases is that although there is a tendency towards decreased antibody responses after immunisation, there is no conclusive evidence linking these observations to a decrease in clinical protection from infection. There is a clear need for definitive studies of vaccination strategies in IDUs; however, a synthesis of the available published evidence suggests that immunisation does result in effective clinical protection from disease in this population. The inclusion of IDUs as a high-risk study population in future trials evaluating HIV and hepatitis C virus vaccines will help to assess the immunogenicity of candidate vaccines against parenteral exposure, and also to evaluate the efficacy of candidates as promising antigens become available.
AB - Injection drug use is a prevalent global phenomenon; one not bound by a country's level of development or geographical location. Injection drug users (IDUs) are at high risk for a variety of parenterally acquired and transmitted infections. Licensed vaccines are available for some of these infectious diseases, such as tetanus, influenza, and hepatitis A and B viruses; however, there have been conflicting reports as to their immunogenicity in IDUs. We summarise the lessons learned from studies evaluating the immunogenicity of vaccination strategies in IDUs. A common theme across these diseases is that although there is a tendency towards decreased antibody responses after immunisation, there is no conclusive evidence linking these observations to a decrease in clinical protection from infection. There is a clear need for definitive studies of vaccination strategies in IDUs; however, a synthesis of the available published evidence suggests that immunisation does result in effective clinical protection from disease in this population. The inclusion of IDUs as a high-risk study population in future trials evaluating HIV and hepatitis C virus vaccines will help to assess the immunogenicity of candidate vaccines against parenteral exposure, and also to evaluate the efficacy of candidates as promising antigens become available.
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U2 - 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70237-2
DO - 10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70237-2
M3 - Review article
C2 - 17897609
AN - SCOPUS:34548835749
SN - 1473-3099
VL - 7
SP - 667
EP - 674
JO - Lancet Infectious Diseases
JF - Lancet Infectious Diseases
IS - 10
ER -