TY - JOUR
T1 - Urbanization, mainly rurality, but not altitude is associated with dyslipidemia profiles
AU - CRONICAS Cohort Study Group
AU - Lazo-Porras, Maria
AU - Bernabe-Ortiz, Antonio
AU - Quispe, Renato
AU - Málaga, German
AU - Smeeth, Liam
AU - Gilman, Robert H.
AU - Checkley, William
AU - Miranda, J. Jaime
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This project has been funded in whole with Federal funds from the United States National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Contract No. HHSN268200900033 C. Dr Checkley was further supported by a Pathway to Independence Award (R00HL096955) from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. Dr Smeeth is a Senior Clinical Fellow and Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz is a Research Training Fellow in Public Health and Tropical Medicine (103994/Z/14/Z), both funded by Wellcome Trust. Dr Miranda currently receives, or has received, further support from the Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research (HQHSR1206660), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONCYTEC), Grand Challenges Canada (0335-04, the International Development Research Center Canada (106887-001), the Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research (IAI CRN3036), the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (5U01HL114180, HHSN268200900028C-3-0-1), the National Institute of Mental Health (1U19MH098780), the Swiss National Science Foundation (40P740-160366), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, and the Wellcome Trust (GR074833 MA, WT093541AIA).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 National Lipid Association
PY - 2017/9
Y1 - 2017/9
N2 - Background Geographical and environmental features such as urbanization and altitude may influence individual's lipid profiles because of the diversity of human-environment interactions including lifestyles. Objective To characterize the association between altitude and urbanization and lipid profile among Peruvian adults aged ≥35 years. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of the CRONICAS Cohort Study. The outcomes of interest were 6 dyslipidemia traits: hypertriglyceridemia, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), nonisolated low HDL-c, isolated low HDL-c, and high non-HDL-c. The exposures of interest were urbanization level (highly urban, urban, semi-urban, and rural) and altitude (high altitude vs sea level). Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using Poisson regression models with robust variance adjusting for potential confounders. Results Data from 3037 individuals, 48.5% males, mean age of 55.6 (standard deviation ±12.7) years, were analyzed. The most common dyslipidemia pattern was high non-HDL-c with a prevalence of 88.0% (95% CI: 84.9%–90.7%) in the rural area and 96.0% (95% CI: 94.5%–97.1%) in the semi-urban area. Relative to the highly urban area, living in rural areas was associated with a lower prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (PR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.56–0.99) and high non-HDL-c (PR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93–0.99), whereas living in semi-urban areas was associated with higher prevalence high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (PR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.11–1.67). Compared with sea level areas, high-altitude areas had lower prevalence of high non-HDL-c (PR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95–0.99). Conclusion Urbanization but not altitude was associated to several dyslipidemia traits, with the exception of high non-HDL-c in high altitude settings.
AB - Background Geographical and environmental features such as urbanization and altitude may influence individual's lipid profiles because of the diversity of human-environment interactions including lifestyles. Objective To characterize the association between altitude and urbanization and lipid profile among Peruvian adults aged ≥35 years. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of the CRONICAS Cohort Study. The outcomes of interest were 6 dyslipidemia traits: hypertriglyceridemia, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), nonisolated low HDL-c, isolated low HDL-c, and high non-HDL-c. The exposures of interest were urbanization level (highly urban, urban, semi-urban, and rural) and altitude (high altitude vs sea level). Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated using Poisson regression models with robust variance adjusting for potential confounders. Results Data from 3037 individuals, 48.5% males, mean age of 55.6 (standard deviation ±12.7) years, were analyzed. The most common dyslipidemia pattern was high non-HDL-c with a prevalence of 88.0% (95% CI: 84.9%–90.7%) in the rural area and 96.0% (95% CI: 94.5%–97.1%) in the semi-urban area. Relative to the highly urban area, living in rural areas was associated with a lower prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (PR = 0.75; 95% CI: 0.56–0.99) and high non-HDL-c (PR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.93–0.99), whereas living in semi-urban areas was associated with higher prevalence high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (PR = 1.37; 95% CI: 1.11–1.67). Compared with sea level areas, high-altitude areas had lower prevalence of high non-HDL-c (PR = 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95–0.99). Conclusion Urbanization but not altitude was associated to several dyslipidemia traits, with the exception of high non-HDL-c in high altitude settings.
KW - Altitude
KW - Dyslipidemia
KW - Environment
KW - Rurality
KW - Urbanization
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.06.016
DO - 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.06.016
M3 - Article
C2 - 28780399
AN - SCOPUS:85026642064
VL - 11
SP - 1212-1222.e4
JO - Journal of Clinical Lipidology
JF - Journal of Clinical Lipidology
SN - 1933-2874
IS - 5
ER -