TY - JOUR
T1 - Understanding the Pap Testing Behaviors of African Immigrant Women in Developed Countries
T2 - A Systematic Review
AU - Cudjoe, Joycelyn
AU - Nkimbeng, Manka
AU - Turkson-Ocran, Ruth Alma
AU - Commodore-Mensah, Yvonne
AU - Han, Hae Ra
N1 - Funding Information:
This research is supported by a predoctoral grant from the National Cancer Institute (F31CA221096), and a scholarship from Sigma Theta Tau International-Nu Beta Chapter. The content of this review is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the afore-mentioned funding sources including the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health. Acknowledgements
PY - 2020
Y1 - 2020
N2 - Background: African immigrant (AI) women remain burdened by cervical cancer, but the prevalence and correlates of Pap testing remains unclear in this population. Objective: To review studies on the prevalence and determinants of Pap testing among AI women living in developed countries. Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus were searched for relevant articles that included African-born immigrant participants; were published in English; addressed the prevalence of Pap testing; conducted in a developed country; and identified correlates of Pap testing behavior. The Andersen Behavioral Model guided synthesis of the key findings. Results: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of Pap testing ranged from 4.6% to 73.0%. Having a female provider and access to primary care facilitated Pap testing. Barriers to Pap testing included low income, male healthcare providers, and no history of gynecological exam. Conclusions: Healthcare providers and social determinants-particularly income and healthcare access, play an important role in improving Pap testing among AI women. Larger qualitative and mixed methods studies are needed to explore other important determinants of Pap testing such as disease knowledge, self-efficacy, health literacy to reduce the burden of cervical cancer among AI women.
AB - Background: African immigrant (AI) women remain burdened by cervical cancer, but the prevalence and correlates of Pap testing remains unclear in this population. Objective: To review studies on the prevalence and determinants of Pap testing among AI women living in developed countries. Methods: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Scopus were searched for relevant articles that included African-born immigrant participants; were published in English; addressed the prevalence of Pap testing; conducted in a developed country; and identified correlates of Pap testing behavior. The Andersen Behavioral Model guided synthesis of the key findings. Results: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of Pap testing ranged from 4.6% to 73.0%. Having a female provider and access to primary care facilitated Pap testing. Barriers to Pap testing included low income, male healthcare providers, and no history of gynecological exam. Conclusions: Healthcare providers and social determinants-particularly income and healthcare access, play an important role in improving Pap testing among AI women. Larger qualitative and mixed methods studies are needed to explore other important determinants of Pap testing such as disease knowledge, self-efficacy, health literacy to reduce the burden of cervical cancer among AI women.
KW - African immigrants
KW - Cervical cancer
KW - Pap smear
KW - Systematic review
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85095713469&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85095713469&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s10903-020-01119-x
DO - 10.1007/s10903-020-01119-x
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33165711
AN - SCOPUS:85095713469
JO - Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health
JF - Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health
SN - 1557-1912
ER -