TY - JOUR
T1 - Understanding the learning disabilities linked to sagittal craniosynostosis
AU - Cabrejo, Raysa
AU - Lacadie, Cheryl
AU - Brooks, Eric
AU - Beckett, Joel
AU - Sun, Alexander
AU - Yang, Jenny
AU - Chuang, Carolyn
AU - Eilbott, Jeffrey
AU - Duncan, Charles
AU - Steinbacher, Derek
AU - Alperovich, Michael
AU - Ventola, Pamela
AU - Pelphrey, Kevin
AU - Constable, Todd
AU - Persing, John
N1 - Funding Information:
Medical School; †Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine; zYale Child Study Center, Yale School of Medi-cine; §Department of Neurosurgery, Yale Medical School, New Haven, CT; and ||George Washington University, Washington, DC. Received September 12, 2018. Accepted for publication November 19, 2018. Address correspondence and reprint requests to John Persing, MD, Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, PO Box 208041, New Haven, CT 06520-8041; E-mail: john.persing@yale.edu JP was supported by Plastic Surgery Foundation, Combined Pilot Research Grants (AAHS, AAPPS, AAPS, ACAPS, ASMS, ASPN, ASRM, PSRC), Functional Connectivity and Brain Architecture in Nonsyndromic Cra-niosynostosis, Yale University (proposal no: 513938, award no: 513938). The authors report no conflicts of interest. Copyright © 2018 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD ISSN: 1049-2275 DOI: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000005194
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2019 by Mutaz B. Habal, MD.
PY - 2019/3/1
Y1 - 2019/3/1
N2 - Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate further findings that corroborate similarities between corrected sagittal craniosynostosis and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim is to further characterize the neurocognitive deficits seen in adolescents with corrected craniosynostosis by comparing it to established learning deficits such as ADHD. Methods: A total of 30 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of 10 sagittal nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (sNSC), 10 ADHD-combined, and 10 control adolescents were studied. The fMRI scans were analyzed utilizing Statistical Parametric Mapping (University College London, UK) and analyzed with BioImageSuite (Yale University, New Haven, CT). Results: The ADHD has lower connectivity to Brodmann area (BA) 11 (Montreal Neurological Institution [MNI]: -12,26,-21), BA20 (MNI: 62,-24,-25), and BA21 (MNI: 62,-32,-23) compared to sNSC and controls (P<0.001). The sNSC has a unique visuospatial defect, compared to ADHD, created by decreased connectivity to BA31 (MNI: -3,-68,37), BA7 (MNI: -4,-68,41), BA19 (MNI: 0,-83,31), visual association cortex (MNI: -4,-78,22), and primary visual cortex (MNI: 7,-74,21) (P<0.001). Conclusion: Patients born with sNSC have different neural connections than children born with ADHD. Patients born with sNSC have decreased connections in areas of visual processing and increased connections in areas of attention and auditory processing than patientswithADHD. Therefore, childrenwith sagittal craniosynsotosis may have learning difficulties that, similar, yet different from ADHD.
AB - Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate further findings that corroborate similarities between corrected sagittal craniosynostosis and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim is to further characterize the neurocognitive deficits seen in adolescents with corrected craniosynostosis by comparing it to established learning deficits such as ADHD. Methods: A total of 30 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of 10 sagittal nonsyndromic craniosynostosis (sNSC), 10 ADHD-combined, and 10 control adolescents were studied. The fMRI scans were analyzed utilizing Statistical Parametric Mapping (University College London, UK) and analyzed with BioImageSuite (Yale University, New Haven, CT). Results: The ADHD has lower connectivity to Brodmann area (BA) 11 (Montreal Neurological Institution [MNI]: -12,26,-21), BA20 (MNI: 62,-24,-25), and BA21 (MNI: 62,-32,-23) compared to sNSC and controls (P<0.001). The sNSC has a unique visuospatial defect, compared to ADHD, created by decreased connectivity to BA31 (MNI: -3,-68,37), BA7 (MNI: -4,-68,41), BA19 (MNI: 0,-83,31), visual association cortex (MNI: -4,-78,22), and primary visual cortex (MNI: 7,-74,21) (P<0.001). Conclusion: Patients born with sNSC have different neural connections than children born with ADHD. Patients born with sNSC have decreased connections in areas of visual processing and increased connections in areas of attention and auditory processing than patientswithADHD. Therefore, childrenwith sagittal craniosynsotosis may have learning difficulties that, similar, yet different from ADHD.
KW - Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
KW - Craniosynostosis
KW - Functional magnetic resonance imaging
KW - Whole vault surgery
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U2 - 10.1097/SCS.0000000000005194
DO - 10.1097/SCS.0000000000005194
M3 - Article
C2 - 30676447
AN - SCOPUS:85067281330
SN - 1049-2275
VL - 30
SP - 497
EP - 502
JO - Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
JF - Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
IS - 2
ER -