TY - JOUR
T1 - Underdetection and underreporting of pertussis in children attended in primary health care centers
T2 - Do surveillance systems require improvement?
AU - Solano, Rubén
AU - Crespo, Inma
AU - Fernández, María Isabel
AU - Valero, Carles
AU - Álvarez, María Isabel
AU - Godoy, Pere
AU - Caylà, Joan A.
AU - Domínguez, Àngela
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by the Institute of Health Carlos III and the Catalan Agency for the Management of Grants for University Research (AGAUR grant No. 2014/ SGR 1403 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc.
PY - 2016/11/1
Y1 - 2016/11/1
N2 - Background Pertussis is an underestimated disease. Several European countries have developed models to account for underreporting of pertussis. The aim of this study was to estimate pertussis underdetection and underreporting in pediatric patients attending primary health care centers (PHCCs). Methods We reviewed clinical records of PHCCs in Barcelona in 2012. Factors associated with underdetection and underreporting were analyzed by logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Results We included 3,505 children aged < 7 years (mean age, 34 ± 20.7 months; range, 0-82 months) presenting with cough; 9.3% (326 out of 3,505) of patients also had ≥ 1 symptoms related to pertussis accompanied by cough for a duration ≥ 2 weeks. Of the 326 children receiving clinical criteria, only 31 (9.5%) were laboratory-confirmed and 6 (1.8%) were detected but not reported. There were 295 (90.5%) undetected suspected pertussis cases. Age ≥ 18 months (aOR, 8.51; 95% CI, 1.82-39.86), cyanosis (aOR, 6.71; 95% CI, 1.43-31.39), request for chest radiograph (aOR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07-0.99), and request for other laboratory tests (aOR, 5.39; 95% CI, 2.19-13.27) were associated with underdetection. Paroxysmal cough (aOR, 5.77; 95% CI, 1.05-31.76) and request for other laboratory tests (aOR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.11-7.62) were associated with underreporting. Conclusions Both underdetection and underreporting complicate the understanding of pertussis epidemiology. Correct assessment of pertussis symptoms and notification of cases must be improved to control pertussis.
AB - Background Pertussis is an underestimated disease. Several European countries have developed models to account for underreporting of pertussis. The aim of this study was to estimate pertussis underdetection and underreporting in pediatric patients attending primary health care centers (PHCCs). Methods We reviewed clinical records of PHCCs in Barcelona in 2012. Factors associated with underdetection and underreporting were analyzed by logistic regression. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Results We included 3,505 children aged < 7 years (mean age, 34 ± 20.7 months; range, 0-82 months) presenting with cough; 9.3% (326 out of 3,505) of patients also had ≥ 1 symptoms related to pertussis accompanied by cough for a duration ≥ 2 weeks. Of the 326 children receiving clinical criteria, only 31 (9.5%) were laboratory-confirmed and 6 (1.8%) were detected but not reported. There were 295 (90.5%) undetected suspected pertussis cases. Age ≥ 18 months (aOR, 8.51; 95% CI, 1.82-39.86), cyanosis (aOR, 6.71; 95% CI, 1.43-31.39), request for chest radiograph (aOR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.07-0.99), and request for other laboratory tests (aOR, 5.39; 95% CI, 2.19-13.27) were associated with underdetection. Paroxysmal cough (aOR, 5.77; 95% CI, 1.05-31.76) and request for other laboratory tests (aOR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.11-7.62) were associated with underreporting. Conclusions Both underdetection and underreporting complicate the understanding of pertussis epidemiology. Correct assessment of pertussis symptoms and notification of cases must be improved to control pertussis.
KW - Disease notification
KW - Epidemiology
KW - Family physicians
KW - Infection control
KW - Pediatric infection
KW - Whooping cough
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.03.033
DO - 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.03.033
M3 - Article
C2 - 27184210
AN - SCOPUS:84966714718
SN - 0196-6553
VL - 44
SP - e251-e256
JO - American Journal of Infection Control
JF - American Journal of Infection Control
IS - 11
ER -