@article{487b60a4160b4b1da6efee9ecdc1f234,
title = "Twenty years of antiretroviral therapy for people living with hiv: Global costs, health achievements, economic benefits",
abstract = "Since the introduction of azidothymidine in 1987, significant improvements in treatment for people living with HIV have yielded substantial improvements in global health as a result of the unique benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART). ART averted 9.5 million deaths worldwide in 1995-2015, with global economic benefits of $1.05 trillion. For every $1 spent on ART, $3.50 in benefits accrued globally. If treatment scale-up achieves the global 90-90-90 targets of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS, a total of 34.9 million deaths are projected to be averted between 1995 and 2030. Approximately 40.2 million new HIV infections could also be averted by ART, and economic gains could reach $4.02 trillion in 2030. Having provided ART to 19.5 million people represents a major human achievement. However, 15.2 million infected people are currently not receiving treatment, which represents a significant lost opportunity. Further treatment scale-up could yield even greater health and economic benefits.",
author = "Forsythe, {Steven S.} and William McGreevey and Alan Whiteside and Maunank Shah and Joshua Cohen and Robert Hecht and Bollinger, {Lori A.} and Anthony Kinghorn",
note = "Funding Information: This study secured funding from Gilead Sciences in response to a request for proposals on “Quantifying the Human and Economic Value of Progress against HIV/AIDS as Well as Continued Burden of HIV/AIDS Worldwide.” The authors appreciate the significant effort of the Avenir Health team whose members ran Spectrum model projections for this analysis, including Yu Teng and John Stover. The authors are also grateful to colleagues at the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS and the World Health Organization, including Jose Antonio Izazola Licea and Eric Lamontagne; and to Mead Over from the Center for Global Development. They provided invaluable advice for applying the full income methodology. The authors are solely responsible for the content of this article, which does not necessarily reflect the views of any of the above individuals or organizations. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Project HOPE-The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.",
year = "2019",
month = jul,
doi = "10.1377/hlthaff.2018.05391",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "38",
pages = "1163--1172",
journal = "Health Affairs",
issn = "0278-2715",
publisher = "Project Hope",
number = "7",
}