Troponin replacement in permeabilized cardiac muscle Reversible extraction of troponin I by incubation with vanadate

Calcium-dependent regulation of tension and ATPase activity in permeabilized porcine ventricular muscle was lost after incubation with 10 mM vanadate. After transfer from vanadate to a vanadate-free, low-Ca²⁺ solution (pCa > 8), the permeabilized muscle produced 84.8% ± 20.1% (± S.D., n=98) of the isometric force elicited by high Ca2²⁺ (pCa ∼4.5 prior to incubation with vanadate. Transfer back to a high Ca²⁺ solution elicited no additional force (83.2% ± 18.7% of control force). SDS-PAGE and immunoblot analysis of fibers and solutions demonstrated substantial extraction (>90%) of Troponin I (TnI). Calcium dependence was restored after incubation with solutions containing either whole cardiac troponin or a combination of TnI and troponin C subunits. This reversible extraction of troponin directly demonstrates the role of TnI in the regulation of striated muscle contractility and permits specific substitution of the native TnI with exogenously supplied protein.