Triple Versus Dual Combination Therapy in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Asian Countries: Analysis of the IMPACT Trial

David M.G. Halpin, Gerard J. Criner, Mark T. Dransfield, Mei Lan K. Han, Benjamin Hartley, Catherine Harvey, C. Elaine Jones, Motokazu Kato, Peter Lange, Sally Lettis, David A. Lomas, Fernando J. Martinez, Neil Martin, Dave Singh, Robert Wise, Jinping Zheng, David A. Lipson

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

Introduction: In the IMPACT trial, single-inhaler triple therapy fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI) reduced moderate/severe exacerbation rates versus FF/VI or UMEC/VI dual therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); however, pneumonia incidence was higher in FF-containing arms. As COPD is a growing problem in Asia, we compared the efficacy and safety of FF/UMEC/VI in Asia versus non-Asia regions. Methods: IMPACT was a double-blind, 52-week trial in symptomatic COPD patients with ≥ 1 moderate/severe exacerbation in the prior year. This pre-specified analysis evaluated the annual rate of moderate/severe exacerbations, change from baseline in trough forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire total score, mortality, and safety (including pneumonia) in Asia versus non-Asia regions. Results: The intent-to-treat population comprised 10,355 patients (Asia n = 1644 [16%]). Rate ratios (95% confidence intervals) for moderate/severe exacerbations with FF/UMEC/VI were 0.89 (0.76–1.05) versus FF/VI and 0.86 (0.71–1.04) versus UMEC/VI in Asia, and 0.84 (0.79–0.90) and 0.74 (0.68–0.80) in non-Asia. Efficacy of FF/UMEC/VI on other endpoints was similar in both regions. There was an increased incidence of investigator-reported pneumonia in patients in Asia (FF/UMEC/VI: 13%; FF/VI: 14%; UMEC/VI: 6%) compared with non-Asia (FF/UMEC/VI: 6%; FF/VI: 5%; UMEC/VI: 4%). The increased risk of pneumonia in patients in Asia was most marked in patients with lower body mass index, lower lung function, and taking inhaled corticosteroids. In post hoc analysis of adjudicated on-treatment all-cause mortality, probabilities of death were numerically lower in both regions with FF/UMEC/VI (Asia: 1.16%; non-Asia: 1.35%) and FF/VI (Asia: 1.77%; non-Asia: 1.21%) versus UMEC/VI (Asia: 1.91%; non-Asia: 2.23%). Conclusions: FF/UMEC/VI provides similar benefits in COPD patients in Asia and non-Asia regions. Clinical benefits of treatment, including reduction in mortality risk, should be weighed against risk of pneumonia, taking account of all known risk factors. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identification, NCT02164513.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)101-118
Number of pages18
JournalPulmonary Therapy
Volume7
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 2021

Keywords

  • Asia
  • Chronic obstructive
  • Drug therapy
  • Mortality
  • Pneumonia
  • Pulmonary disease

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Respiratory Care
  • Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine

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