TY - JOUR
T1 - Trend of blood lead, mercury, and cadmium levels in Korean population
T2 - data analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
AU - Seo, Jeong Wook
AU - Kim, Byoung Gwon
AU - Kim, Yu Mi
AU - Kim, Rock Bum
AU - Chung, Jin Yong
AU - Lee, Kyoung Mu
AU - Hong, Young Seoub
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
Copyright:
Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2015/3
Y1 - 2015/3
N2 - This study was performed to assess the recent trends in lead, mercury, and cadmium levels in the blood among Korean adult population. The geometric means and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of blood lead, mercury, and cadmium concentrations were calculated using the data of the subjects from the third (2005, n = 1997), fourth (2008, n = 2005; 2009, n = 1991), and fifth (2010, n = 1989; 2011, n = 2014) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Blood lead levels in 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 declined to 2.61 μg/dL (2.51–2.71), 2.32 μg/dL (2.27–2.37), 2.29 μg/dL (2.23–2.35), 2.09 μg/dL (2.04–2.13), and 1.99 μg/dL (1.94–2.05), respectively. Blood mercury levels were 4.19 μg/L (3.99–4.39), 4.73 μg/L (4.57–4.89), 4.25 μg/L (4.09–4.41), 3.64 μg/L (3.49–3.80), and 3.08 μg/L (2.95–3.22), respectively, which indicated an increase in 2008 compared with those in 2005, and a clear downward trend from 2008 to 2011. Blood cadmium levels were 1.52 μg/L (1.47–1.57), 0.93 μg/L (0.89–0.97), 0.94 μg/L (0.90–0.98), 0.89 μg/L (0.87–0.92), 0.86 μg/L (0.83–0.89), respectively, which indicated very high levels in 2005, but a downward trend since 2008. Although the lead, mercury, and cadmium levels in the blood of the Korean adult population are on the decline, they are still relatively high compared with those for the population of the USA, Canada, and Germany. Thus, continuous biological monitoring and measures to reduce these levels are needed in Korea.
AB - This study was performed to assess the recent trends in lead, mercury, and cadmium levels in the blood among Korean adult population. The geometric means and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of blood lead, mercury, and cadmium concentrations were calculated using the data of the subjects from the third (2005, n = 1997), fourth (2008, n = 2005; 2009, n = 1991), and fifth (2010, n = 1989; 2011, n = 2014) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Blood lead levels in 2005, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 declined to 2.61 μg/dL (2.51–2.71), 2.32 μg/dL (2.27–2.37), 2.29 μg/dL (2.23–2.35), 2.09 μg/dL (2.04–2.13), and 1.99 μg/dL (1.94–2.05), respectively. Blood mercury levels were 4.19 μg/L (3.99–4.39), 4.73 μg/L (4.57–4.89), 4.25 μg/L (4.09–4.41), 3.64 μg/L (3.49–3.80), and 3.08 μg/L (2.95–3.22), respectively, which indicated an increase in 2008 compared with those in 2005, and a clear downward trend from 2008 to 2011. Blood cadmium levels were 1.52 μg/L (1.47–1.57), 0.93 μg/L (0.89–0.97), 0.94 μg/L (0.90–0.98), 0.89 μg/L (0.87–0.92), 0.86 μg/L (0.83–0.89), respectively, which indicated very high levels in 2005, but a downward trend since 2008. Although the lead, mercury, and cadmium levels in the blood of the Korean adult population are on the decline, they are still relatively high compared with those for the population of the USA, Canada, and Germany. Thus, continuous biological monitoring and measures to reduce these levels are needed in Korea.
KW - Blood cadmium
KW - Blood lead
KW - Blood mercury
KW - Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84923836877&partnerID=8YFLogxK
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U2 - 10.1007/s10661-015-4348-2
DO - 10.1007/s10661-015-4348-2
M3 - Article
C2 - 25716526
AN - SCOPUS:84923836877
SN - 0167-6369
VL - 187
JO - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
JF - Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
IS - 3
M1 - 146
ER -