Transmission rates in consecutive pregnancies exposed to single-dose nevirapine in Soweto, South Africa and Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

Neil A. Martinson, Didier K. Ekouevi, Francois Dabis, Lynn Morris, Pumla Lupodwana, Besigin Tonwe-Gold, Puleng Dhlamini, Renaud Becquet, Jan G. Steyn, Valériane Leroy, Ida Viho, Glenda E. Gray, James A. McIntyre

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

30 Scopus citations

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Large numbers of women receive single-dose nevirapine (sdNVP) to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV; over time, an increasing proportion will return to prevention of MTCT programs for a second pregnancy. Because sdNVP selects resistance in a high percentage of women, we compared the effectiveness of sdNVP in preventing peripartum MTCT in successive pregnancies. METHODS: Prospective cohorts were recruited from MTCT programs in South Africa and Côte d'Ivoire. HIV-1-infected women and their infants exposed to sdNVP in 2 consecutive pregnancies-used alone or with zidovudine (ZDV) or ZDV plus lamivudine-were included. RESULTS: The median age of women at their initial exposure to sdNVP in Soweto (n = 120) and Abidjan (n = 41) was 26 (interquartile range [IQR]: 22-29) years and 28 (IQR: 24-31) years, respectively, and their median delivery interval was 21 (IQR: 15-29) months and 26 (IQR: 20-32) months, respectively. Transmission rates in Soweto and in Abidjan were 11.1% and 13.2% for the first pregnancy and 11.1% and 5.4% for the second pregnancy (P = 1.000 and P = 0.449 for Soweto and Abidjan, respectively, in unpaired analysis). CONCLUSION: This analysis suggests that the effectiveness of sdNVP when used in successive pregnancies is probably not impaired, possibly because viral resistance selected by prior exposure to sdNVP may wane with time.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)206-209
Number of pages4
JournalJournal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes
Volume45
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 2007

Keywords

  • Africa
  • Mother-to-child transmission
  • Nevirapine
  • Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
  • Resistance
  • Second pregnancy

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Virology
  • Immunology

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