Transmission of free-running and Q-switched Er: YAG and Er:YSGG laser energy through germanium oxide/silica fibers

Nathaniel M. Fried; Yubing Yang; Kyunhee Lee; Hussain A. Tafti

doi:10.1117/12.586355

Transmission of free-running and Q-switched Er: YAG and Er:YSGG laser energy through germanium oxide/silica fibers

Nathaniel M. Fried, Yubing Yang, Kyunhee Lee, Hussain A. Tafti

School of Medicine

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

9 Scopus citations

Abstract

Endoscopic Erbium laser applications have been limited by the lack of a suitable optical fiber. This study describes a hybrid germanium oxide/silica fiber for transmission of Q-switched and free-running Er:YAG and Er:YSGG laser radiation. Hybrid fibers consisted of a 1-meter-long germanium trunk fiber connected to a 1-cm-long silica fiber tip using PTFE, PET, or PTFE/FEP heat-shrink tubing. Maximum transmission of Er:YAG energy through fiber trunk/tip diameters of 250/365, 350/365, and 450/550 μm were recorded. The transmission rates through 450/550 μm fibers using Q-switched (500 ns) and free-running (300 μs) Er:YAG and Er:YSGG laser pulses were also measured. Maximum free-running Er:YAG pulse energies (fluences) measured up to 103 mJ (98 J/cm ²), 112 mJ (107 J/cm ²), and 233 mJ (98 J/cm ²), respectively, through 250/365, 350/365, and 450/550 hybrid fibers. Free-running Er:YAG and Er:YSGG transmission averaged 56% and 65%, with an attenuation of 1.1 ± 0.1 dB/m and 0.6 ± 0.1 dB/m, respectively, after correction for Fresnel losses (n = 7). Q-switched Er:YAG and Er:YSGG laser transmission averaged 55% and 62%, with an attenuation of 1.1 ± 0.2 dB/m and 0.9 ± 0.3 dB/m, respectively. Both Q-switched lasers transmitted a maximum pulse energy of 13 mJ (n = 7). The germanium/silica fiber is promising for use with the Erbium laser in applications requiring contact laser tissue ablation through a flexible endoscope.

Original language	English (US)
Title of host publication	Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE
Editors	I. Gannot
Pages	115-119
Number of pages	5
Volume	5691
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1117/12.586355
State	Published - 2005
Event	Optical Fibers and Sensors for Medical Applications V - San Jose, CA, United States Duration: Jan 22 2005 → Jan 25 2005

Other

Other	Optical Fibers and Sensors for Medical Applications V
Country/Territory	United States
City	San Jose, CA
Period	1/22/05 → 1/25/05

Keywords

Erbium
Fiber
Germanium
Hybrid
Mid-IR
Oxide glass
Q-switched

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Engineering

Access to Document

10.1117/12.586355

Cite this

Transmission of free-running and Q-switched Er: YAG and Er:YSGG laser energy through germanium oxide/silica fibers. / Fried, Nathaniel M.; Yang, Yubing; Lee, Kyunhee et al.
Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. ed. / I. Gannot. Vol. 5691 2005. p. 115-119 15.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution

Fried, NM, Yang, Y, Lee, K & Tafti, HA 2005, Transmission of free-running and Q-switched Er: YAG and Er:YSGG laser energy through germanium oxide/silica fibers. in I Gannot (ed.), Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE. vol. 5691, 15, pp. 115-119, Optical Fibers and Sensors for Medical Applications V, San Jose, CA, United States, 1/22/05. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.586355

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title = "Transmission of free-running and Q-switched Er: YAG and Er:YSGG laser energy through germanium oxide/silica fibers",

abstract = "Endoscopic Erbium laser applications have been limited by the lack of a suitable optical fiber. This study describes a hybrid germanium oxide/silica fiber for transmission of Q-switched and free-running Er:YAG and Er:YSGG laser radiation. Hybrid fibers consisted of a 1-meter-long germanium trunk fiber connected to a 1-cm-long silica fiber tip using PTFE, PET, or PTFE/FEP heat-shrink tubing. Maximum transmission of Er:YAG energy through fiber trunk/tip diameters of 250/365, 350/365, and 450/550 μm were recorded. The transmission rates through 450/550 μm fibers using Q-switched (500 ns) and free-running (300 μs) Er:YAG and Er:YSGG laser pulses were also measured. Maximum free-running Er:YAG pulse energies (fluences) measured up to 103 mJ (98 J/cm 2), 112 mJ (107 J/cm 2), and 233 mJ (98 J/cm 2), respectively, through 250/365, 350/365, and 450/550 hybrid fibers. Free-running Er:YAG and Er:YSGG transmission averaged 56% and 65%, with an attenuation of 1.1 ± 0.1 dB/m and 0.6 ± 0.1 dB/m, respectively, after correction for Fresnel losses (n = 7). Q-switched Er:YAG and Er:YSGG laser transmission averaged 55% and 62%, with an attenuation of 1.1 ± 0.2 dB/m and 0.9 ± 0.3 dB/m, respectively. Both Q-switched lasers transmitted a maximum pulse energy of 13 mJ (n = 7). The germanium/silica fiber is promising for use with the Erbium laser in applications requiring contact laser tissue ablation through a flexible endoscope.",

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author = "Fried, {Nathaniel M.} and Yubing Yang and Kyunhee Lee and Tafti, {Hussain A.}",

year = "2005",

doi = "10.1117/12.586355",

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pages = "115--119",

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N2 - Endoscopic Erbium laser applications have been limited by the lack of a suitable optical fiber. This study describes a hybrid germanium oxide/silica fiber for transmission of Q-switched and free-running Er:YAG and Er:YSGG laser radiation. Hybrid fibers consisted of a 1-meter-long germanium trunk fiber connected to a 1-cm-long silica fiber tip using PTFE, PET, or PTFE/FEP heat-shrink tubing. Maximum transmission of Er:YAG energy through fiber trunk/tip diameters of 250/365, 350/365, and 450/550 μm were recorded. The transmission rates through 450/550 μm fibers using Q-switched (500 ns) and free-running (300 μs) Er:YAG and Er:YSGG laser pulses were also measured. Maximum free-running Er:YAG pulse energies (fluences) measured up to 103 mJ (98 J/cm 2), 112 mJ (107 J/cm 2), and 233 mJ (98 J/cm 2), respectively, through 250/365, 350/365, and 450/550 hybrid fibers. Free-running Er:YAG and Er:YSGG transmission averaged 56% and 65%, with an attenuation of 1.1 ± 0.1 dB/m and 0.6 ± 0.1 dB/m, respectively, after correction for Fresnel losses (n = 7). Q-switched Er:YAG and Er:YSGG laser transmission averaged 55% and 62%, with an attenuation of 1.1 ± 0.2 dB/m and 0.9 ± 0.3 dB/m, respectively. Both Q-switched lasers transmitted a maximum pulse energy of 13 mJ (n = 7). The germanium/silica fiber is promising for use with the Erbium laser in applications requiring contact laser tissue ablation through a flexible endoscope.

AB - Endoscopic Erbium laser applications have been limited by the lack of a suitable optical fiber. This study describes a hybrid germanium oxide/silica fiber for transmission of Q-switched and free-running Er:YAG and Er:YSGG laser radiation. Hybrid fibers consisted of a 1-meter-long germanium trunk fiber connected to a 1-cm-long silica fiber tip using PTFE, PET, or PTFE/FEP heat-shrink tubing. Maximum transmission of Er:YAG energy through fiber trunk/tip diameters of 250/365, 350/365, and 450/550 μm were recorded. The transmission rates through 450/550 μm fibers using Q-switched (500 ns) and free-running (300 μs) Er:YAG and Er:YSGG laser pulses were also measured. Maximum free-running Er:YAG pulse energies (fluences) measured up to 103 mJ (98 J/cm 2), 112 mJ (107 J/cm 2), and 233 mJ (98 J/cm 2), respectively, through 250/365, 350/365, and 450/550 hybrid fibers. Free-running Er:YAG and Er:YSGG transmission averaged 56% and 65%, with an attenuation of 1.1 ± 0.1 dB/m and 0.6 ± 0.1 dB/m, respectively, after correction for Fresnel losses (n = 7). Q-switched Er:YAG and Er:YSGG laser transmission averaged 55% and 62%, with an attenuation of 1.1 ± 0.2 dB/m and 0.9 ± 0.3 dB/m, respectively. Both Q-switched lasers transmitted a maximum pulse energy of 13 mJ (n = 7). The germanium/silica fiber is promising for use with the Erbium laser in applications requiring contact laser tissue ablation through a flexible endoscope.

KW - Erbium

KW - Fiber

KW - Germanium

KW - Hybrid

KW - Mid-IR

KW - Oxide glass

KW - Q-switched

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ER -

Transmission of free-running and Q-switched Er: YAG and Er:YSGG laser energy through germanium oxide/silica fibers

Abstract

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Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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