TY - JOUR
T1 - Tools for cardiovascular risk assessment in clinical practice
AU - Cainzos-Achirica, Miguel
AU - Eissler, Kieran
AU - Blaha, Michael J.
AU - Blumenthal, Roger S.
AU - Martin, Seth S.
N1 - Funding Information:
MC-A was funded by a research grant from the Spanish Society of Cardiology. SSM is supported by the Pollin Cardiovascular Prevention Fellowship, Marie-Josée and Henry R Kravis endowed fellowship, and a National Institutes of Health training grant (T32HL07024). RSB is supported by the Kenneth Jay Pollin Professorship in Cardiology.
Funding Information:
Michael Blaha served on an Advisory Board for Pfizer and Luitpold Pharmaceuticals and received grant support from the FDA, all outside of the scope of the present work. Roger Blumenthal, Miguel Cainzos-Achirica and Kieran Eissler have no relevant disclosures to report. Seth Martin is listed as a co-inventor on a pending patent filed by Johns Hopkins University for a method of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol estimation.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015, Springer Science+Business Media New York.
PY - 2015/6/1
Y1 - 2015/6/1
N2 - Precise risk stratification of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease guides best management and therefore is a public health priority. In addition to risk estimation using traditional risk factors, tools such as coronary artery calcium, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, ankle-brachial index and carotid imaging, and clinical features such as family history of premature coronary heart disease may offer opportunities for a more personalized risk assessment. In this review, we discuss the strengths and limitations of each of these tools, focusing on the evidence provided by the latest studies relevant to the field. Among them, coronary artery calcium currently stands out as the most powerful tool for cardiovascular risk assessment, as recognized by the 2013 ACC/AHA Risk Assessment Guideline. Recent studies have expanded our knowledge regarding its value for improving the detection of both low and high absolute risk within clinically relevant subgroups, as well as for cost-effectively guiding preventive therapy allocation.
AB - Precise risk stratification of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease guides best management and therefore is a public health priority. In addition to risk estimation using traditional risk factors, tools such as coronary artery calcium, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, ankle-brachial index and carotid imaging, and clinical features such as family history of premature coronary heart disease may offer opportunities for a more personalized risk assessment. In this review, we discuss the strengths and limitations of each of these tools, focusing on the evidence provided by the latest studies relevant to the field. Among them, coronary artery calcium currently stands out as the most powerful tool for cardiovascular risk assessment, as recognized by the 2013 ACC/AHA Risk Assessment Guideline. Recent studies have expanded our knowledge regarding its value for improving the detection of both low and high absolute risk within clinically relevant subgroups, as well as for cost-effectively guiding preventive therapy allocation.
KW - Absolute cardiovascular risk
KW - Ankle-brachial index
KW - Atherosclerosis
KW - Cardiovascular disease
KW - Carotid intima-media thickness
KW - Carotid plaque
KW - Coronary artery calcium
KW - Family history
KW - High-sensitivity C-reactive protein
KW - Prevention
KW - Risk assessment
KW - Risk management
KW - Risk scores
KW - Serum biomarkers
KW - Traditional risk factors
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U2 - 10.1007/s12170-015-0455-4
DO - 10.1007/s12170-015-0455-4
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:84928341072
SN - 1932-9520
VL - 9
JO - Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports
JF - Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports
IS - 6
ER -