TY - JOUR
T1 - Toe-Walking Attributable to Venous Malformation of the Calf Muscle
AU - Domb, Benjamin G.
AU - Khanna, A. Jay
AU - Mitchell, Sally E.
AU - Frassica, Frank J.
PY - 2004/3
Y1 - 2004/3
N2 - Soft tissue venous malformations of muscles may produce musculoskeletal deformities caused by contracture of the involved muscle. When the venous malformation involves the flexor muscles of the leg, equinus deformity and toe-walking may occur. Three patients with unilateral toe-walking secondary to venous malformation of the calf muscle, showing the classic presentation of this unusual condition, are presented. Several methods of treating the deformity and the underlying venous malformation are discussed, and the current literature on intramuscular venous malformations, including their natural history, diagnoses, treatment options, and outcomes, is reviewed. Based on our experience and review of the literature, percutaneous sclerotherapy may be a viable option for treatment of venous malformations of the calf musculature that result in a toe-walking deformity.
AB - Soft tissue venous malformations of muscles may produce musculoskeletal deformities caused by contracture of the involved muscle. When the venous malformation involves the flexor muscles of the leg, equinus deformity and toe-walking may occur. Three patients with unilateral toe-walking secondary to venous malformation of the calf muscle, showing the classic presentation of this unusual condition, are presented. Several methods of treating the deformity and the underlying venous malformation are discussed, and the current literature on intramuscular venous malformations, including their natural history, diagnoses, treatment options, and outcomes, is reviewed. Based on our experience and review of the literature, percutaneous sclerotherapy may be a viable option for treatment of venous malformations of the calf musculature that result in a toe-walking deformity.
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U2 - 10.1097/00003086-200403000-00032
DO - 10.1097/00003086-200403000-00032
M3 - Review article
C2 - 15057102
AN - SCOPUS:1842581321
SN - 0009-921X
VL - 420
SP - 225
EP - 229
JO - Clinical orthopaedics and related research
JF - Clinical orthopaedics and related research
ER -