Timing and consequences of early term and late term deliveries

Objective: To examine the timing of elective delivery and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) utilization of electively delivered infants from 2008to 2011. Methods: Analysis included 42290 women with singleton gestation enrolled in a pregnancy education program, reporting uncomplicated pregnancies with elective labor induction (ELI) (n=27677) or scheduled cesarean delivery (SCD) (n=14613) at 37.0-41.9 weeks' gestation. Data were grouped by type and week of delivery (37.0-37.9, 38.0-38.9, and 39.0-41.9 weeks). ELI and SCD for each week of delivery from 2008 to 2011 and nursery utilization by delivery week were compared. Results: During the 2008-2011 timeframe, a shift in timing of ELI and SCD toward 39.0 weeks was observed. In 2008, 80.9% of ELI occurred at 39.0 weeks versus 92.6% in 2011 (p<0.001). In 2008, 60.5% of SCD occurred at 39.0 weeks versus 78.1% in 2011 (p<0.001). NICU admission and prolonged nursery stays were highest at 37.0-37.9 weeks for both groups. Conclusions: We observed a shift toward later gestational age at elective delivery from 2008 to 2011 and increased NICU utilization for neonates born at <39 weeks' gestation.