TY - JOUR
T1 - Through the wall
T2 - Extracellular vesicles in Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi
AU - Brown, Lisa
AU - Wolf, Julie M.
AU - Prados-Rosales, Rafael
AU - Casadevall, Arturo
N1 - Funding Information:
A.C. was supported by the US National Institutes of Health (awards 5R01HL059842, 5R01AI033774, 5R37AI033142 and 5R01AI052733). R.P.-R. was supported in part by the US National Institutes of Health (award 1R21AI115091).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
PY - 2015/9/16
Y1 - 2015/9/16
N2 - Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by all domains of life. In Gram-negative bacteria, EVs are produced by the pinching off of the outer membrane; however, how EVs escape the thick cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi is still unknown. Nonetheless, EVs have been described in a variety of cell-walled organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Cryptococcus neoformans. These EVs contain varied cargo, including nucleic acids, toxins, lipoproteins and enzymes, and have important roles in microbial physiology and pathogenesis. In this Review, we describe the current status of vesiculogenesis research in thick-walled microorganisms and discuss the cargo and functions associated with EVs in these species.
AB - Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced by all domains of life. In Gram-negative bacteria, EVs are produced by the pinching off of the outer membrane; however, how EVs escape the thick cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria and fungi is still unknown. Nonetheless, EVs have been described in a variety of cell-walled organisms, including Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Cryptococcus neoformans. These EVs contain varied cargo, including nucleic acids, toxins, lipoproteins and enzymes, and have important roles in microbial physiology and pathogenesis. In this Review, we describe the current status of vesiculogenesis research in thick-walled microorganisms and discuss the cargo and functions associated with EVs in these species.
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U2 - 10.1038/nrmicro3480
DO - 10.1038/nrmicro3480
M3 - Review article
C2 - 26324094
AN - SCOPUS:84941877534
SN - 1740-1526
VL - 13
SP - 620
EP - 630
JO - Nature Reviews Microbiology
JF - Nature Reviews Microbiology
IS - 10
ER -