TY - JOUR
T1 - Three-Year Incidence and Cumulative Prevalence of Retinopathy
T2 - The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
AU - Wong, Tien Y.
AU - Klein, Ronald
AU - Amirul Islam, F. M.
AU - Cotch, Mary Frances
AU - Couper, David J.
AU - Klein, Barbara E.K.
AU - Hubbard, Larry D.
AU - Sharrett, A. Richey
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by contracts N01-HC-35125, N01-HC-35126, N01-HC-55015, N01-HC-55016, N01-HC-55018, N01-HC-55019, N01-HC-55020, N01-HC-55021, and N01-HC-55022 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland. Additional support was provided by the Sylvia and Charles Viertel Clinical Investigator Award, Australia (T.Y.W.). The authors indicate no financial conflict of interest. Involved in design and conduct of study (T.Y.W., R.K., R.S.); collection (R.K., L.D.H., A.R.S.); management (R.K., A.R.S.); analysis (F.A.I., D.J.C.); interpretation of data (T.Y.W., R.K., M.F.C., D.J.C., B.E.K., L.D.H., A.R.S.); preparation of the manuscript (T.W.Y.); and review and approval of the manuscript (R.K., A.R.S.).
PY - 2007/6
Y1 - 2007/6
N2 - Purpose: To describe the three-year incidence and cumulative prevalence of retinopathy and its risk factors. Design: Population-based, prospective cohort study in four US communities. Methods: In the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 981 participants had retinal photography of one randomly selected eye at the third examination (1993 to 1995) and three years later at the fourth examination (1996). Photographs were graded on both occasions for retinopathy signs (for example, microaneurysm, retinal hemorrhage, and/or cotton-wool spots). Incidence was defined as participants without retinopathy at the third examination who developed retinopathy at the fourth examination, and cumulative prevalence was defined to include incident retinopathy as well as participants who had retinopathy at both the third and fourth examinations. Results: The three-year incidence and cumulative prevalence of any retinopathy in the whole cohort was 3.8% and 7.7%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, incident retinopathy was related to higher mean arterial blood pressure (odds ratio [OR] 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0 to 2.3, per standard deviation increase in risk factor levels), fasting serum glucose (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.1), serum total cholesterol (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0, 2.0), and plasma fibrinogen (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.9). Among persons without diabetes, the three-year incidence and cumulative prevalence of nondiabetic retinopathy was 2.9% and 4.3%, respectively. Incident nondiabetic retinopathy was related to higher mean arterial blood pressure (OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.9 to 2.3) and fasting serum glucose (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.3). Among persons with diabetes, the three-year incidence and cumulative prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 10.1% and 27.2%, respectively. Conclusions: Retinopathy signs occur frequently in middle-aged people, even in those without diabetes. Hypertension and hyperglycemia are risk factors for incident retinopathy.
AB - Purpose: To describe the three-year incidence and cumulative prevalence of retinopathy and its risk factors. Design: Population-based, prospective cohort study in four US communities. Methods: In the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 981 participants had retinal photography of one randomly selected eye at the third examination (1993 to 1995) and three years later at the fourth examination (1996). Photographs were graded on both occasions for retinopathy signs (for example, microaneurysm, retinal hemorrhage, and/or cotton-wool spots). Incidence was defined as participants without retinopathy at the third examination who developed retinopathy at the fourth examination, and cumulative prevalence was defined to include incident retinopathy as well as participants who had retinopathy at both the third and fourth examinations. Results: The three-year incidence and cumulative prevalence of any retinopathy in the whole cohort was 3.8% and 7.7%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, incident retinopathy was related to higher mean arterial blood pressure (odds ratio [OR] 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.0 to 2.3, per standard deviation increase in risk factor levels), fasting serum glucose (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.1), serum total cholesterol (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.0, 2.0), and plasma fibrinogen (OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.9). Among persons without diabetes, the three-year incidence and cumulative prevalence of nondiabetic retinopathy was 2.9% and 4.3%, respectively. Incident nondiabetic retinopathy was related to higher mean arterial blood pressure (OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.9 to 2.3) and fasting serum glucose (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.3). Among persons with diabetes, the three-year incidence and cumulative prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 10.1% and 27.2%, respectively. Conclusions: Retinopathy signs occur frequently in middle-aged people, even in those without diabetes. Hypertension and hyperglycemia are risk factors for incident retinopathy.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=34248591364&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=34248591364&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.02.020
DO - 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.02.020
M3 - Article
C2 - 17399675
AN - SCOPUS:34248591364
SN - 0002-9394
VL - 143
SP - 970
EP - 976
JO - American journal of ophthalmology
JF - American journal of ophthalmology
IS - 6
ER -