TY - JOUR
T1 - Thioredoxin reductase-2 is essential for keeping low levels of H 2O 2 emission from isolated heart mitochondria
AU - Stanley, Brian A.
AU - Sivakumaran, Vidhya
AU - Shi, Sa
AU - McDonald, Iain
AU - Lloyd, David
AU - Watson, Walter H.
AU - Aon, Miguel A.
AU - Paolocci, Nazareno
PY - 2011/9/23
Y1 - 2011/9/23
N2 - Respiring mitochondria produce H 2O 2 continuously. When production exceeds scavenging, H 2O 2 emission occurs, endangering cell functions. The mitochondrial peroxidase peroxiredoxin-3 reduces H 2O 2 to water using reducing equivalents from NADPH supplied by thioredoxin-2 (Trx2) and, ultimately, thioredoxin reductase-2 (TrxR2). Here, the contribution of this mitochondrial thioredoxin system to the control of H 2O 2 emission was studied in isolated mitochondria and cardiomyocytes from mouse or guinea pig heart. Energization of mitochondria by the addition of glutamate/malate resulted in a 10-fold decrease in the ratio of oxidized to reduced Trx2. This shift in redox state was accompanied by an increase in NAD(P)H and was dependent on TrxR2 activity. Inhibition of TrxR2 in isolated mitochondria by auranofin resulted in increased H 2O 2 emission, an effect that was seen under both forward and reverse electron transport. This effect was independent of changes in NAD(P)H or membrane potential. The effects of auranofin were reproduced in cardiomyocytes; superoxide and H 2O 2 levels increased, but similarly, there was no effect on NAD(P)H or membrane potential. These data show that energization of mitochondria increases the antioxidant potential of the TrxR2/Trx2 system and that inhibition of TrxR2 results in increased H 2O 2 emission through a mechanism that is independent of changes in other redox couples.
AB - Respiring mitochondria produce H 2O 2 continuously. When production exceeds scavenging, H 2O 2 emission occurs, endangering cell functions. The mitochondrial peroxidase peroxiredoxin-3 reduces H 2O 2 to water using reducing equivalents from NADPH supplied by thioredoxin-2 (Trx2) and, ultimately, thioredoxin reductase-2 (TrxR2). Here, the contribution of this mitochondrial thioredoxin system to the control of H 2O 2 emission was studied in isolated mitochondria and cardiomyocytes from mouse or guinea pig heart. Energization of mitochondria by the addition of glutamate/malate resulted in a 10-fold decrease in the ratio of oxidized to reduced Trx2. This shift in redox state was accompanied by an increase in NAD(P)H and was dependent on TrxR2 activity. Inhibition of TrxR2 in isolated mitochondria by auranofin resulted in increased H 2O 2 emission, an effect that was seen under both forward and reverse electron transport. This effect was independent of changes in NAD(P)H or membrane potential. The effects of auranofin were reproduced in cardiomyocytes; superoxide and H 2O 2 levels increased, but similarly, there was no effect on NAD(P)H or membrane potential. These data show that energization of mitochondria increases the antioxidant potential of the TrxR2/Trx2 system and that inhibition of TrxR2 results in increased H 2O 2 emission through a mechanism that is independent of changes in other redox couples.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=80053034441&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=80053034441&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1074/jbc.M111.284612
DO - 10.1074/jbc.M111.284612
M3 - Article
C2 - 21832082
AN - SCOPUS:80053034441
SN - 0021-9258
VL - 286
SP - 33669
EP - 33677
JO - Journal of Biological Chemistry
JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry
IS - 38
ER -