TY - JOUR
T1 - The use of in vitro systems for evaluating immunotoxicity
T2 - The report and recommendations of an ECVAM workshop
AU - Gennari, Alessandra
AU - Ban, Masarin
AU - Braun, Armin
AU - Casati, Silvia
AU - Corsini, Emanuela
AU - Dastych, Jaroslaw
AU - Descotes, Jacques
AU - Hartung, Thomas
AU - Hooghe-Peters, Robert
AU - House, Robert
AU - Pallardy, Marc
AU - Pieters, Raymond
AU - Reid, Lynnda
AU - Tryphonas, Helen
AU - Tschirhart, Eric
AU - Tuschl, Helga
AU - Vandebriel, Rob
AU - Gribaldo, Laura
PY - 2005
Y1 - 2005
N2 - This is the report of a workshop organised by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). ECVAM's main goal, as defined in 1993 by its Scientific Advisory Committee, is to promote the scientific and regulatory acceptance of alternative methods that are of importance to the biosciences and which replace, reduce or refine the use of laboratory animals. One of the first priorities set by ECVAM was the implementation of procedures that would enable it to become well informed about the state-of-the-art of non-animal test development and validation, and the potential for the possible incorporation of alternative tests into regulatory procedures. It was decided that this would be best achieved by the organization of ECVAM workshops on specific topics, at which small groups of invited experts would review the current status of various types of in vitro tests and their potential uses, and make recommendations about the best ways forward (Anonymous, 1994). The workshop on "The use of in vitro systems for evaluating Immunotoxicity" was held at ECVAM (Ispra), Italy, on 24th-26th November 2003. The participants represented academia, national organizations, international regulatory bodies and industry. The aim of the workshop was to review the state-of-the-art in the field of in vitro immunotoxicology, and to develop strategies towards the replacement of in vivo testing. At the end of this report are listed the recommendations that should be considered for prevalidation and validation of relevant and reliable procedures, that could replace the use of animals in chemical and cosmetics toxicity testing.
AB - This is the report of a workshop organised by the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). ECVAM's main goal, as defined in 1993 by its Scientific Advisory Committee, is to promote the scientific and regulatory acceptance of alternative methods that are of importance to the biosciences and which replace, reduce or refine the use of laboratory animals. One of the first priorities set by ECVAM was the implementation of procedures that would enable it to become well informed about the state-of-the-art of non-animal test development and validation, and the potential for the possible incorporation of alternative tests into regulatory procedures. It was decided that this would be best achieved by the organization of ECVAM workshops on specific topics, at which small groups of invited experts would review the current status of various types of in vitro tests and their potential uses, and make recommendations about the best ways forward (Anonymous, 1994). The workshop on "The use of in vitro systems for evaluating Immunotoxicity" was held at ECVAM (Ispra), Italy, on 24th-26th November 2003. The participants represented academia, national organizations, international regulatory bodies and industry. The aim of the workshop was to review the state-of-the-art in the field of in vitro immunotoxicology, and to develop strategies towards the replacement of in vivo testing. At the end of this report are listed the recommendations that should be considered for prevalidation and validation of relevant and reliable procedures, that could replace the use of animals in chemical and cosmetics toxicity testing.
KW - Alternative models
KW - Immunosuppression
KW - In vitro
KW - Methods
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U2 - 10.1080/15476910590965832
DO - 10.1080/15476910590965832
M3 - Article
C2 - 18958661
AN - SCOPUS:28244452562
SN - 1660-2854
VL - 2
SP - 61
EP - 83
JO - Journal of Immunotoxicology
JF - Journal of Immunotoxicology
IS - 2
ER -