TY - JOUR
T1 - The unique and combined effects of apathy and depression on cognition in Parkinson's disease
AU - Cohen, Matthew L.
AU - Aita, Stephen
AU - Mari, Zoltan
AU - Brandt, Jason
PY - 2015/6/1
Y1 - 2015/6/1
N2 - Apathy and depression are associated with poor cognition in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the cognitive signature of each syndrome is not well understood. The cognitive consequences of having apathy or depression, versus apathy and depression, are also unclear. Objective: This study investigated the unique and combined effects of apathy and depression on cognition in PD patients. Methods: PD patients were identified from a clinical research database as having self-reported apathy (n = 21), depression (n = 11), or both (n = 43). PD patients without apathy or depression served as the Control group (n = 49). The groups were of similar age, education, disease severity, age of symptom onset, and medication status. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) compared the groups on 17 neuropsychological test scores in the domains of attention, motor and psychomotor speed, construction, language, episodic memory, and executive functioning. Results: There was a significant overall effect of group: F(18,276) = 2.12, p = 0.006, η2p= 0.12. Univariate analyses and planned contrasts revealed medium-sized effects distinguishing only the control group and the group with both apathy and depression (η2p = 0.06-0.12) on measures of verbal fluency and manual, processing, and psychomotor speed. Conclusions: PD patients with apathy alone or depression alone did not perform worse than PD controls on neuropsychological tests. Patients with apathy and depression performed worse than controls, but only on speed-based measures. This suggests that apathy and depression are associated with the same or similar circuits as those of cognitive and motor speed.
AB - Apathy and depression are associated with poor cognition in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the cognitive signature of each syndrome is not well understood. The cognitive consequences of having apathy or depression, versus apathy and depression, are also unclear. Objective: This study investigated the unique and combined effects of apathy and depression on cognition in PD patients. Methods: PD patients were identified from a clinical research database as having self-reported apathy (n = 21), depression (n = 11), or both (n = 43). PD patients without apathy or depression served as the Control group (n = 49). The groups were of similar age, education, disease severity, age of symptom onset, and medication status. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) compared the groups on 17 neuropsychological test scores in the domains of attention, motor and psychomotor speed, construction, language, episodic memory, and executive functioning. Results: There was a significant overall effect of group: F(18,276) = 2.12, p = 0.006, η2p= 0.12. Univariate analyses and planned contrasts revealed medium-sized effects distinguishing only the control group and the group with both apathy and depression (η2p = 0.06-0.12) on measures of verbal fluency and manual, processing, and psychomotor speed. Conclusions: PD patients with apathy alone or depression alone did not perform worse than PD controls on neuropsychological tests. Patients with apathy and depression performed worse than controls, but only on speed-based measures. This suggests that apathy and depression are associated with the same or similar circuits as those of cognitive and motor speed.
KW - Parkinson's disease
KW - apathy
KW - cognition
KW - depression
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84930520402&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84930520402&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3233/JPD-140484
DO - 10.3233/JPD-140484
M3 - Article
C2 - 25769262
AN - SCOPUS:84930520402
VL - 5
SP - 351
EP - 359
JO - Journal of Parkinson's Disease
JF - Journal of Parkinson's Disease
SN - 1877-7171
IS - 2
ER -