TY - JOUR
T1 - The Sodium/Iodide Symporter (NIS)
T2 - Molecular Physiology and Preclinical and Clinical Applications
AU - Ravera, Silvia
AU - Reyna-Neyra, Andrea
AU - Ferrandino, Giuseppe
AU - Amzel, L. Mario
AU - Carrasco, Nancy
N1 - Funding Information:
This research is supported by the National Institutes of Health (grants DK-41544 to N.C. and GM-114250 to N.C. and L.M.A.).We apologize in advance to all the investigators whose research could not be cited because of space limitations
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright 2017 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved.
PY - 2017/2/10
Y1 - 2017/2/10
N2 - Active iodide (I-) transport in both the thyroid and some extrathyroidal tissues is mediated by the Na/I- symporter (NIS). In the thyroid, NIS-mediated I- uptake plays a pivotal role in thyroid hormone (TH) biosynthesis. THs are key during embryonic and postembryonic development and critical for cell metabolism at all stages of life. The molecular characterization of NIS in 1996 and the use of radioactive I- isotopes have led to significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer and provide the molecular basis for studies aimed at extending the use of radioiodide treatment in extrathyroidal malignancies. This review focuses on the most recent findings on I- homeostasis and I- transport deficiency-causing NIS mutations, as well as current knowledge of the structure/function properties of NIS and NIS regulatory mechanisms. We also discuss employing NIS as a reporter gene using viral vectors and stem cells in imaging, diagnostic, and therapeutic procedures.
AB - Active iodide (I-) transport in both the thyroid and some extrathyroidal tissues is mediated by the Na/I- symporter (NIS). In the thyroid, NIS-mediated I- uptake plays a pivotal role in thyroid hormone (TH) biosynthesis. THs are key during embryonic and postembryonic development and critical for cell metabolism at all stages of life. The molecular characterization of NIS in 1996 and the use of radioactive I- isotopes have led to significant advances in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer and provide the molecular basis for studies aimed at extending the use of radioiodide treatment in extrathyroidal malignancies. This review focuses on the most recent findings on I- homeostasis and I- transport deficiency-causing NIS mutations, as well as current knowledge of the structure/function properties of NIS and NIS regulatory mechanisms. We also discuss employing NIS as a reporter gene using viral vectors and stem cells in imaging, diagnostic, and therapeutic procedures.
KW - Gene transfer studies
KW - Imaging and radioiodide therapy
KW - NIS mutations
KW - Sodium/iodide symporter
KW - Structure/function
KW - Thyroid hormones
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U2 - 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034125
DO - 10.1146/annurev-physiol-022516-034125
M3 - Review article
C2 - 28192058
AN - SCOPUS:85013053205
SN - 0066-4278
VL - 79
SP - 261
EP - 289
JO - Annual review of physiology
JF - Annual review of physiology
ER -