TY - JOUR
T1 - The Scaffold Immune Microenvironment
T2 - Biomaterial-Mediated Immune Polarization in Traumatic and Nontraumatic Applications
AU - Sadtler, Kaitlyn
AU - Allen, Brian W.
AU - Estrellas, Kenneth
AU - Housseau, Franck
AU - Pardoll, Drew M.
AU - Elisseeff, Jennifer H.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the Bloomberg*Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy for support; V. Beachley for guidance in materials preparation for pilot studies. This work was funded by the Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund (MSCRF), the Morton Goldberg Chair, and the Armed Forces Institute of Regenerative Medicine (AFIRM).
PY - 2017/10
Y1 - 2017/10
N2 - The immune system mediates tissue growth and homeostasis and is the first responder to injury or biomaterial implantation. Recently, it has been appreciated that immune cells play a critical role in wound healing and tissue repair and should thus be considered potentially beneficial, particularly in the context of scaffolds for regenerative medicine. In this study, we present a flow cytometric analysis of cellular recruitment to tissue-derived extracellular matrix scaffolds, where we quantitatively describe the infiltration and polarization of several immune subtypes, including macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, monocytes, T cells, and B cells. We define a specific scaffold-associated macrophage (SAM) that expresses CD11b+F4/80+CD11c+/-CD206hiCD86+MHCII+ that are characteristic of an M2-like cell (CD206hi) with high antigen presentation capabilities (MHCII+). Adaptive immune cells tightly regulate the phenotype of a mature SAM. These studies provide a foundation for detailed characterization of the scaffold immune microenvironment of a given biomaterial scaffold to determine the effect of scaffold changes on immune response and subsequent therapeutic outcome of that material.
AB - The immune system mediates tissue growth and homeostasis and is the first responder to injury or biomaterial implantation. Recently, it has been appreciated that immune cells play a critical role in wound healing and tissue repair and should thus be considered potentially beneficial, particularly in the context of scaffolds for regenerative medicine. In this study, we present a flow cytometric analysis of cellular recruitment to tissue-derived extracellular matrix scaffolds, where we quantitatively describe the infiltration and polarization of several immune subtypes, including macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, monocytes, T cells, and B cells. We define a specific scaffold-associated macrophage (SAM) that expresses CD11b+F4/80+CD11c+/-CD206hiCD86+MHCII+ that are characteristic of an M2-like cell (CD206hi) with high antigen presentation capabilities (MHCII+). Adaptive immune cells tightly regulate the phenotype of a mature SAM. These studies provide a foundation for detailed characterization of the scaffold immune microenvironment of a given biomaterial scaffold to determine the effect of scaffold changes on immune response and subsequent therapeutic outcome of that material.
KW - T cells
KW - biomaterial implant
KW - extracellular matrix
KW - immune polarization
KW - macrophages
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U2 - 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0304
DO - 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0304
M3 - Article
C2 - 27736323
AN - SCOPUS:85032038136
VL - 23
SP - 1044
EP - 1053
JO - Tissue Engineering - Part A.
JF - Tissue Engineering - Part A.
SN - 1937-3341
IS - 19-20
ER -