The role of mechanical forces in the cardiomyogenic differentiation of stem cells

It is well understood that complex biochemical interactions are, ultimately, the events that drive the processes through which living organisms interact, develop and sustain life. However, the role of the steady influx of physical stimuli into the system cannot be overlooked in this respect. Due to their potential to modify, initiate or guide underlying biochemical mechanisms, a physical stimulus' mode of action on biological systems must be extensively understood in order to be able to comprehend the onset and progression of some currently misunderstood pathologies. This knowledge might also afford future researchers a tool to exploit the effect of physical stimuli in the development of more effective regenerative therapies. This chapter will explore the current state of cellular-based therapies for the treatment of myocardial infarction, as well as advancements made towards a functional tissue engineering application of these technologies. It will specifically focus on the role of biomechanical forces on the cardiomyogenic differentiation of several progenitor and stem cell constituents being considered for such a purpose.