TY - JOUR
T1 - The role of FXR and TGR5 in reversing and preventing progression of Western diet–induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis in mice
AU - Wang, Xiaoxin X.
AU - Xie, Cen
AU - Libby, Andrew E.
AU - Ranjit, Suman
AU - Levi, Jonathan
AU - Myakala, Komuraiah
AU - Bhasin, Kanchan
AU - Jones, Bryce A.
AU - Orlicky, David J.
AU - Takahashi, Shogo
AU - Dvornikov, Alexander
AU - Kleiner, David E.
AU - Hewitt, Stephen M.
AU - Adorini, Luciano
AU - Kopp, Jeffrey B.
AU - Krausz, Kristopher W.
AU - Rosenberg, Avi
AU - McManaman, James L.
AU - Robertson, Charles E.
AU - Ir, Diana
AU - Frank, Daniel N.
AU - Luo, Yuhuan
AU - Gonzalez, Frank J.
AU - Gratton, Enrico
AU - Levi, Moshe
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Authors
PY - 2022/11
Y1 - 2022/11
N2 - Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most common chronic liver disease in the US, partly due to the increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. The roles of bile acids and their receptors, such as the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the G protein-coupled receptor TGR5, on the development of NASH are not fully clear. C57BL/6J male mice fed a Western diet (WD) develop characteristics of NASH, allowing determination of the effects of FXR and TGR5 agonists on this disease. Here we show that the FXR-TGR5 dual agonist INT-767 prevents progression of WD-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, as determined by histological and biochemical assays and novel label-free microscopy imaging techniques, including third harmonic generation, second harmonic generation, and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Furthermore, we show INT-767 decreases liver fatty acid synthesis and fatty acid and cholesterol uptake, as well as liver inflammation. INT-767 markedly changed bile acid composition in the liver and intestine, leading to notable decreases in the hydrophobicity index of bile acids, known to limit cholesterol and lipid absorption. In addition, INT-767 upregulated expression of liver p-AMPK, SIRT1, PGC-1α, and SIRT3, which are master regulators of mitochondrial function. Finally, we found INT-767 treatment reduced WD-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Interestingly, the effects of INT-767 in attenuating NASH were absent in FXR-null mice, but still present in TGR5-null mice. Our findings support treatment and prevention protocols with the dual FXR-TGR5 agonist INT-767 arrest progression of WD-induced NASH in mice mediated by FXR-dependent, TGR5-independent mechanisms.
AB - Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most common chronic liver disease in the US, partly due to the increasing incidence of metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. The roles of bile acids and their receptors, such as the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and the G protein-coupled receptor TGR5, on the development of NASH are not fully clear. C57BL/6J male mice fed a Western diet (WD) develop characteristics of NASH, allowing determination of the effects of FXR and TGR5 agonists on this disease. Here we show that the FXR-TGR5 dual agonist INT-767 prevents progression of WD-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis, as determined by histological and biochemical assays and novel label-free microscopy imaging techniques, including third harmonic generation, second harmonic generation, and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Furthermore, we show INT-767 decreases liver fatty acid synthesis and fatty acid and cholesterol uptake, as well as liver inflammation. INT-767 markedly changed bile acid composition in the liver and intestine, leading to notable decreases in the hydrophobicity index of bile acids, known to limit cholesterol and lipid absorption. In addition, INT-767 upregulated expression of liver p-AMPK, SIRT1, PGC-1α, and SIRT3, which are master regulators of mitochondrial function. Finally, we found INT-767 treatment reduced WD-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota. Interestingly, the effects of INT-767 in attenuating NASH were absent in FXR-null mice, but still present in TGR5-null mice. Our findings support treatment and prevention protocols with the dual FXR-TGR5 agonist INT-767 arrest progression of WD-induced NASH in mice mediated by FXR-dependent, TGR5-independent mechanisms.
KW - FXR-TGR5
KW - NASH
KW - bile acid
KW - fibrosis
KW - inflammation
KW - lipid metabolism
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85140977300&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102530
DO - 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102530
M3 - Article
C2 - 36209823
AN - SCOPUS:85140977300
SN - 0021-9258
VL - 298
JO - Journal of Biological Chemistry
JF - Journal of Biological Chemistry
IS - 11
M1 - 102530
ER -