TY - JOUR
T1 - The relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder and anxiety and affective disorders
T2 - Results from the Johns Hopkins OCD family study
AU - Nestadt, G.
AU - Samuels, J.
AU - Riddle, M. A.
AU - Liang, K. Y.
AU - Bienvenu, O. J.
AU - Hoehn-Saric, R.
AU - Grados, M.
AU - Cullen, B.
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - Objective. This study investigates the relationship of specific anxiety and affective disorders to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in a blind, controlled family study. Method. Eighty case and 73 control probands, as well as 343 case and 300 control first-degree relatives of these probands, participated in the study. Subjects were examined by psychologists or psychiatrists using the Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Anxiety version (SADS-LA). Two experienced psychiatrists independently reviewed all clinical materials, and final diagnoses were made according to DSM-IV criteria, by consensus procedure. Results. Except for bipolar disorder, all anxiety and affective disorders investigated were more frequent in case than control probands. Substance dependence disorders were not more frequent. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, agoraphobia, separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and recurrent major depression were more common in case than control relatives. These disorders occurred more frequently if the relative was diagnosed with OCD. Only GAD and agoraphobia were more frequent in case relatives independent of OCD. Conclusion. GAD and agoraphobia share a common familial aetiology with OCD. The other anxiety and affective disorders, when comorbid with OCD, may emerge as a consequence of the OCD or as a more complex syndrome.
AB - Objective. This study investigates the relationship of specific anxiety and affective disorders to obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in a blind, controlled family study. Method. Eighty case and 73 control probands, as well as 343 case and 300 control first-degree relatives of these probands, participated in the study. Subjects were examined by psychologists or psychiatrists using the Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia-Lifetime Anxiety version (SADS-LA). Two experienced psychiatrists independently reviewed all clinical materials, and final diagnoses were made according to DSM-IV criteria, by consensus procedure. Results. Except for bipolar disorder, all anxiety and affective disorders investigated were more frequent in case than control probands. Substance dependence disorders were not more frequent. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, agoraphobia, separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and recurrent major depression were more common in case than control relatives. These disorders occurred more frequently if the relative was diagnosed with OCD. Only GAD and agoraphobia were more frequent in case relatives independent of OCD. Conclusion. GAD and agoraphobia share a common familial aetiology with OCD. The other anxiety and affective disorders, when comorbid with OCD, may emerge as a consequence of the OCD or as a more complex syndrome.
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U2 - 10.1017/s0033291701003579
DO - 10.1017/s0033291701003579
M3 - Article
C2 - 11305856
AN - SCOPUS:0035067914
SN - 0033-2917
VL - 31
SP - 481
EP - 487
JO - Psychological medicine
JF - Psychological medicine
IS - 3
ER -