TY - JOUR
T1 - The preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatment study (PATS) 6-year follow-up
AU - Riddle, Mark A.
AU - Yershova, Kseniya
AU - Lazzaretto, Deborah
AU - Paykina, Natalya
AU - Yenokyan, Gayane
AU - Greenhill, Laurence
AU - Abikoff, Howard
AU - Vitiello, Benedetto
AU - Wigal, Tim
AU - McCracken, James T.
AU - Kollins, Scott H.
AU - Murray, Desiree W.
AU - Wigal, Sharon
AU - Kastelic, Elizabeth
AU - McGough, James J.
AU - Dosreis, Susan
AU - Bauzó-Rosario, Audrey
AU - Stehli, Annamarie
AU - Posner, Kelly
N1 - Funding Information:
Disclosure: Dr. Riddle has received salary from Johns Hopkins University, research support from NIH and the Maryland Mental Hygiene Administration, consultation fees from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), and has received aripiprazole from Bristol Myers Squibb for an NIMH-sponsored study. Dr. Yershova has received salary from the Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene at the New York State Institute. Ms. Paykina has received support through her employer, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc., at NYSPI from National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). Dr. Yenokyan has received salary from Johns Hopkins University and research funding from NIH. Dr. Greenhill has received salary support from NYSPI via the New York State Office of Mental Health, as well as salary support from Columbia University. He has received research support from NIDA as well as from Shire Pharmaceuticals and BioBehavioral Diagnostics. Dr. Abikoff has received salary from New York University School of Medicine, research support from NIMH and NIDA, and royalties from Multi-Health Systems and Premier/School Specialty. Dr. Vitiello has received salary from NIH, income from medical private practice, and consultation fees from the American Physician Institute for Advanced Professional Studies. Dr. T. Wigal has received salary support from University of California–Irvine, research support from NIDA, Shire, Noven, and Forest, and has served as a consultant for Purdue Pharmaceuticals. Dr. McCracken has received salary from UCLA and has received research support from NIH, Seaside Therapeutics, Roche, and Otsuka; consultant income from Novartis, BioMarin, PharmaNet, and Noven; speaker’s honoraria from the Tourette Syndrome Association; and research study drug supply from Shire. Dr. Kollins has received salary support from Duke University and has received research support from Addrenex, NIDA, Otsuka, Rhodes, and Shire. He has received consulting fees from Addrenex, NIH/Center for Scientific Review, Otsuka, Rhodes, and Shire. Dr. Murray has received salary support from Duke University and has received funding from the Institute of Educational Sciences, NIDA, and Incredible Years, Inc. Dr. S. Wigal has received salary support from University of California–Irvine and research support from Forest, Addrenex, Eli Lilly and Co., McNeil, Next Wave, NICHD, Noven, Psychogenics, Quintiles, Rhodes, Shionogi Pharma, Otsuka, and Shire. She has served as a consultant for Eli Lilly and Co., McNeil, Next Wave, NIH, NuTec, Shire, Noven, and TAISHO; and on the speakers’ bureaus of Shionogi and Noven. Dr. Kastelic has received salary from Johns Hopkins University. Dr. McGough has received salary support from UCLA; consulting honoraria from Alexza Pharmaceuticals, MedImmune, Shionogi, Sunovion, Theravance, and Targacept; and research support from NIH, NeuroSigma Inc., Shionogi, Shire, and Supernus Pharmaceuticals. Dr. dosReis has received salary from the University of Maryland and research support from NIH and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Ms. Bauzó-Rosario has received salary from Nathan Kline Institute. Ms. Stehli has received funding support from NICHD and NIDA. Dr. Posner has received salary support comes from the Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene (RFMH). She has served as the director of the Center for Suicide Risk Assessment which, as part of an effort to help execute the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) suicidality classification mandates. She has received support from Abbott, Albany Molecular Research, Alfresa, Alkermes, Amgen, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Biodelivery Sciences, Intl., Biomarin, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Canam, Cato Research, Cephalon, Cetero Research, Covance, CRI Worldwide, Depomed, Douglas Pharmaceuticals, Eisai, Euthymics, Forest Laboratories, GlaxoSmithKline, GW Pharma, Human Genome Sciences, i3 Research, ICON, IntelGenx Corp., Intracellular Therapies, Johnson and Johnson, Kendle Early Stage, Lilly USA, Lundbeck A/S, Lundbeck USA, MedImmune, Medtronic, Merck and Co., Inc., Neurosearch, Next Wave Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Noven, NovoNordisk, Orexigen, Otsuka, Parexel, Pfizer, PGx Health, PPDI, Psyadon, QED, Quintiles, Reckitt Benckiser, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Schering-Plough Corporation, SCOPE International,Sepracor, Inc./Sunovion, Shire, Siena Biotech, Supernus, Synosia Therapeutics, TakedaPharmaceutical Company, Theravance, Upsher-Smith, Valeant Pharmaceuticals, Vivus, Inc.,World Wide Clinical Trials and Wyeth Research. Dr. Posner has received royalty payments from the electronic Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (e-CSSRS). Ms. Lazzaretto reports no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.
Funding Information:
This research was supported by a cooperative agreement between NIMH and the following institutions: Duke University Medical Center (U01MH60848), Johns Hopkins University (U01 MH60642), New York University Child Study Center (U01 MH60943), NYSPI/Columbia University (U01 MH60903), University of California–Irvine (U01 MH60833), and UCLA (U01 H60900).
PY - 2013/3
Y1 - 2013/3
N2 - Objective: To describe the clinical course of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity and diagnosis from ages 3 to 5 up to 9 to 12 years during a 6-year follow-up after the original Preschool ADHD Treatment Study (PATS). Method: A total of 207 participants (75% male) from the original PATS, assessed at baseline (mean age, 4.4 years, when all met criteria for ADHD) and 3 months later (before medication treatment), were re-evaluated in three follow-up assessment visits (year 3, mean age 7.4 years; year 4, 8.3 years; and year 6, 10.4 years). Parents and teachers rated symptom severity, and clinicians established psychiatric diagnoses. Analyses examined longitudinal changes in symptom severity and ADHD diagnosis. Results: Parent- and teacher-rated symptom severity decreased from baseline to year 3 but remained relatively stable and in the moderate-to-severe clinical range through year 6. Girls showed generally steeper decreases in symptom T-scores. At year 6, 89% (160/180) of remaining participants met ADHD symptom and impairment diagnostic criteria. Comorbidity of oppositional defiant disorder and/or conduct disorder was associated with a 30% higher risk of having an ADHD diagnosis at year 6 in the multiple logistic model. Medication status during follow-up, on versus off, did not predict symptom severity change from year 3 to year 6 after adjustment for other variables. Conclusions: ADHD in preschoolers is a relatively stable diagnosis over a 6-year period. The course is generally chronic, with high symptom severity and impairment, in very young children with moderate-to-severe ADHD, despite treatment with medication. Development of more effective ADHD intervention strategies is needed for this age group.
AB - Objective: To describe the clinical course of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity and diagnosis from ages 3 to 5 up to 9 to 12 years during a 6-year follow-up after the original Preschool ADHD Treatment Study (PATS). Method: A total of 207 participants (75% male) from the original PATS, assessed at baseline (mean age, 4.4 years, when all met criteria for ADHD) and 3 months later (before medication treatment), were re-evaluated in three follow-up assessment visits (year 3, mean age 7.4 years; year 4, 8.3 years; and year 6, 10.4 years). Parents and teachers rated symptom severity, and clinicians established psychiatric diagnoses. Analyses examined longitudinal changes in symptom severity and ADHD diagnosis. Results: Parent- and teacher-rated symptom severity decreased from baseline to year 3 but remained relatively stable and in the moderate-to-severe clinical range through year 6. Girls showed generally steeper decreases in symptom T-scores. At year 6, 89% (160/180) of remaining participants met ADHD symptom and impairment diagnostic criteria. Comorbidity of oppositional defiant disorder and/or conduct disorder was associated with a 30% higher risk of having an ADHD diagnosis at year 6 in the multiple logistic model. Medication status during follow-up, on versus off, did not predict symptom severity change from year 3 to year 6 after adjustment for other variables. Conclusions: ADHD in preschoolers is a relatively stable diagnosis over a 6-year period. The course is generally chronic, with high symptom severity and impairment, in very young children with moderate-to-severe ADHD, despite treatment with medication. Development of more effective ADHD intervention strategies is needed for this age group.
KW - attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
KW - development
KW - follow-up
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84875225136&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84875225136&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.12.007
DO - 10.1016/j.jaac.2012.12.007
M3 - Article
C2 - 23452683
AN - SCOPUS:84875225136
VL - 52
SP - 264-278.e2
JO - Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry
JF - Journal of the American Academy of Child Psychiatry
SN - 0890-8567
IS - 3
ER -