TY - JOUR
T1 - The potential effects of introducing microneedle patch vaccines into routine vaccine supply chains
AU - Wedlock, Patrick T.
AU - Mitgang, Elizabeth A.
AU - Elsheikh, Fayad
AU - Leonard, Jim
AU - Bakal, Jenn
AU - Welling, Joel
AU - Crawford, Jessica
AU - Assy, Emmanuelle
AU - Magadzire, Bvudzai P.
AU - Bechtel, Ruth
AU - DePasse, Jay V.
AU - Siegmund, Sheryl S.
AU - Brown, Shawn T.
AU - Lee, Bruce Y.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018
PY - 2019/1/21
Y1 - 2019/1/21
N2 - Background: Microneedle patch (MNP) technology is designed to simplify the process of vaccine administration; however, depending on its characteristics, MNP technology may provide additional benefits beyond the point-of-use, particularly for vaccine supply chains. Methods: Using the HERMES modeling software, we examined replacing four routine vaccines – Measles-containing vaccine (MCV), Tetanus toxoid (TT), Rotavirus (Rota) and Pentavalent (Penta) – with MNP versions in the routine vaccine supply chains of Benin, Bihar (India), and Mozambique. Results: Replacing MCV with an MNP (5 cm 3 -per-dose, 2-month thermostability, current single-dose price-per-dose) improved MCV availability by 13%, 1% and 6% in Benin, Bihar and Mozambique, respectively, and total vaccine availability by 1% in Benin and Mozambique, while increasing the total cost per dose administered by $0.07 in Benin, $0.56 in Bihar and $0.11 in Mozambique. Replacing TT with an MNP improved TT and total vaccine availability (3% and <1%) in Mozambique only, when the patch was 5 cm 3 and 2-months thermostable but increased total cost per dose administered by $0.14. Replacing Rota with an MNP (at 5–15 cm 3 -per-dose, 1–2 month thermostable) improved Rota and total vaccine availability, but only improved Rota vaccine availability in Bihar (at 5 cm 3 , 1–2 months thermostable), while decreasing total vaccine availability by 1%. Finally, replacing Penta with an MNP (at 5 cm 3 , 2-months thermostable) improved Penta vaccine availability by 1–8% and total availability by <1–9%. Conclusions: An MNP for MCV, TT, Rota, or Penta would need to have a smaller or equal volume-per-dose than existing vaccine formulations and be able to be stored outside the cold chain for a continuous period of at least two months to provide additional benefits to all three supply chains under modeled conditions.
AB - Background: Microneedle patch (MNP) technology is designed to simplify the process of vaccine administration; however, depending on its characteristics, MNP technology may provide additional benefits beyond the point-of-use, particularly for vaccine supply chains. Methods: Using the HERMES modeling software, we examined replacing four routine vaccines – Measles-containing vaccine (MCV), Tetanus toxoid (TT), Rotavirus (Rota) and Pentavalent (Penta) – with MNP versions in the routine vaccine supply chains of Benin, Bihar (India), and Mozambique. Results: Replacing MCV with an MNP (5 cm 3 -per-dose, 2-month thermostability, current single-dose price-per-dose) improved MCV availability by 13%, 1% and 6% in Benin, Bihar and Mozambique, respectively, and total vaccine availability by 1% in Benin and Mozambique, while increasing the total cost per dose administered by $0.07 in Benin, $0.56 in Bihar and $0.11 in Mozambique. Replacing TT with an MNP improved TT and total vaccine availability (3% and <1%) in Mozambique only, when the patch was 5 cm 3 and 2-months thermostable but increased total cost per dose administered by $0.14. Replacing Rota with an MNP (at 5–15 cm 3 -per-dose, 1–2 month thermostable) improved Rota and total vaccine availability, but only improved Rota vaccine availability in Bihar (at 5 cm 3 , 1–2 months thermostable), while decreasing total vaccine availability by 1%. Finally, replacing Penta with an MNP (at 5 cm 3 , 2-months thermostable) improved Penta vaccine availability by 1–8% and total availability by <1–9%. Conclusions: An MNP for MCV, TT, Rota, or Penta would need to have a smaller or equal volume-per-dose than existing vaccine formulations and be able to be stored outside the cold chain for a continuous period of at least two months to provide additional benefits to all three supply chains under modeled conditions.
KW - Delivery
KW - Logistics
KW - Microneedle patch
KW - Supply chain
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U2 - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.12.008
DO - 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.12.008
M3 - Article
C2 - 30578088
AN - SCOPUS:85058522637
SN - 0264-410X
VL - 37
SP - 645
EP - 651
JO - Vaccine
JF - Vaccine
IS - 4
ER -