TY - JOUR
T1 - The Nuclear Receptor PPARγ Controls Progressive Macrophage Polarization as a Ligand-Insensitive Epigenomic Ratchet of Transcriptional Memory
AU - Daniel, Bence
AU - Nagy, Gergely
AU - Czimmerer, Zsolt
AU - Horvath, Attila
AU - Hammers, David W.
AU - Cuaranta-Monroy, Ixchelt
AU - Poliska, Szilard
AU - Tzerpos, Petros
AU - Kolostyak, Zsuzsanna
AU - Hays, Tristan T.
AU - Patsalos, Andreas
AU - Houtman, René
AU - Sauer, Sascha
AU - Francois-Deleuze, Jean
AU - Rastinejad, Fraydoon
AU - Balint, Balint L.
AU - Sweeney, H. Lee
AU - Nagy, Laszlo
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2018/10/16
Y1 - 2018/10/16
N2 - Macrophages polarize into distinct phenotypes in response to complex environmental cues. We found that the nuclear receptor PPARγ drove robust phenotypic changes in macrophages upon repeated stimulation with interleukin (IL)-4. The functions of PPARγ on macrophage polarization in this setting were independent of ligand binding. Ligand-insensitive PPARγ bound DNA and recruited the coactivator P300 and the architectural protein RAD21. This established a permissive chromatin environment that conferred transcriptional memory by facilitating the binding of the transcriptional regulator STAT6 and RNA polymerase II, leading to robust production of enhancer and mRNAs upon IL-4 re-stimulation. Ligand-insensitive PPARγ binding controlled the expression of an extracellular matrix remodeling-related gene network in macrophages. Expression of these genes increased during muscle regeneration in a mouse model of injury, and this increase coincided with the detection of IL-4 and PPARγ in the affected tissue. Thus, a predominantly ligand-insensitive PPARγ:RXR cistrome regulates progressive and/or reinforcing macrophage polarization. Daniel et al. describe that the nuclear receptor PPARγ has a significant ligand-insensitive, genome-bound fraction that affects local chromatin structure upon macrophage polarization. Ligand-insensitive PPARγ mediates the expression of a hidden gene set upon repeated IL-4 exposure, providing transcriptional memory and an epigenomic ratchet mechanism to support progressive polarization.
AB - Macrophages polarize into distinct phenotypes in response to complex environmental cues. We found that the nuclear receptor PPARγ drove robust phenotypic changes in macrophages upon repeated stimulation with interleukin (IL)-4. The functions of PPARγ on macrophage polarization in this setting were independent of ligand binding. Ligand-insensitive PPARγ bound DNA and recruited the coactivator P300 and the architectural protein RAD21. This established a permissive chromatin environment that conferred transcriptional memory by facilitating the binding of the transcriptional regulator STAT6 and RNA polymerase II, leading to robust production of enhancer and mRNAs upon IL-4 re-stimulation. Ligand-insensitive PPARγ binding controlled the expression of an extracellular matrix remodeling-related gene network in macrophages. Expression of these genes increased during muscle regeneration in a mouse model of injury, and this increase coincided with the detection of IL-4 and PPARγ in the affected tissue. Thus, a predominantly ligand-insensitive PPARγ:RXR cistrome regulates progressive and/or reinforcing macrophage polarization. Daniel et al. describe that the nuclear receptor PPARγ has a significant ligand-insensitive, genome-bound fraction that affects local chromatin structure upon macrophage polarization. Ligand-insensitive PPARγ mediates the expression of a hidden gene set upon repeated IL-4 exposure, providing transcriptional memory and an epigenomic ratchet mechanism to support progressive polarization.
KW - IFN-γ
KW - IL-4
KW - Nuclear receptor
KW - PPARγ
KW - coregulators
KW - epigenomics
KW - ligand-insensitive enhancers
KW - macrophage polarization
KW - muscle regeneration
KW - progressive polarization
KW - transcriptional memory
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U2 - 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.09.005
DO - 10.1016/j.immuni.2018.09.005
M3 - Article
C2 - 30332629
AN - SCOPUS:85054182103
SN - 1074-7613
VL - 49
SP - 615-626.e6
JO - Immunity
JF - Immunity
IS - 4
ER -