TY - JOUR
T1 - The microbiome and HIV persistence
T2 - Implications for viral remission and cure
AU - Koay, Wei Li A.
AU - Siems, Lilly V.
AU - Persaud, Deborah
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was funded in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R01 HD080474) and the Johns Hopkins University Center for AIDS Research (DP), an NIH funded program (P30AI094189), which is supported by the following NIH Co-Funding and Participating Institutes and Centers: NIAID, NCI, NICHD, NHLBI, NIDA, NIMH, NIA, FIC, NIGMS, NIDDK, and OAR. The content in this article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH. Wei Li Koay is funded in part by NIH Training Grant (T32-AI052071).
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/1/1
Y1 - 2018/1/1
N2 - Purpose of review This article discusses the interaction between HIV infection, the gut microbiome, inflammation and immune activation, and HIV reservoirs, along with interventions to target the microbiome and their implications for HIV remission and cure. Recent findings Most studies show that HIV-infected adults have a gut microbiome associated with decreased bacterial richness and diversity, and associated systemic inflammation and immune activation. A unique set of individuals, elite controllers, who spontaneously control HIV replication, have a similar microbiome to HIV-uninfected individuals. Conversely, exposure to maternal HIV in infants was shown to alter the gut microbiome, even in infants who escaped perinatal infection. Emerging research highlights the importance of the metabolomics and metaproteomics of the gut microbiome, which may have relevance for HIV remission and cure. Together, these studies illustrate the complexity of the relationship between HIV infection, the gut microbiome, and its systemic effects. Summary Understanding the association of HIV with the microbiome, metabolome, and metaproteome may lead to novel therapies to decrease inflammation and immune activation, and impact HIV reservoir size and vaccine responses. Further research in this area is important to inform HIV remission and cure treatments.
AB - Purpose of review This article discusses the interaction between HIV infection, the gut microbiome, inflammation and immune activation, and HIV reservoirs, along with interventions to target the microbiome and their implications for HIV remission and cure. Recent findings Most studies show that HIV-infected adults have a gut microbiome associated with decreased bacterial richness and diversity, and associated systemic inflammation and immune activation. A unique set of individuals, elite controllers, who spontaneously control HIV replication, have a similar microbiome to HIV-uninfected individuals. Conversely, exposure to maternal HIV in infants was shown to alter the gut microbiome, even in infants who escaped perinatal infection. Emerging research highlights the importance of the metabolomics and metaproteomics of the gut microbiome, which may have relevance for HIV remission and cure. Together, these studies illustrate the complexity of the relationship between HIV infection, the gut microbiome, and its systemic effects. Summary Understanding the association of HIV with the microbiome, metabolome, and metaproteome may lead to novel therapies to decrease inflammation and immune activation, and impact HIV reservoir size and vaccine responses. Further research in this area is important to inform HIV remission and cure treatments.
KW - HIV persistence
KW - HIV/AIDS
KW - cure
KW - gut microbiome
KW - remission
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U2 - 10.1097/COH.0000000000000434
DO - 10.1097/COH.0000000000000434
M3 - Review article
C2 - 29135490
AN - SCOPUS:85036671007
SN - 1746-630X
VL - 13
SP - 61
EP - 68
JO - Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
JF - Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
IS - 1
ER -