TY - JOUR
T1 - The lack of association between herpes simplex virus 1 or Toxoplasma gondii infection and cognitive decline in the general population
T2 - An 11-year follow-up study
AU - Torniainen-Holm, M.
AU - Suvisaari, J.
AU - Lindgren, M.
AU - Härkänen, T.
AU - Dickerson, F.
AU - Yolken, R. H.
N1 - Funding Information:
The study was funded by grant (P50MH094268) from the NIMH (R.H. Yolken), by the Stanley Medical Research Institute (R.H. Yolken), by Yrj? Jahnsson Foundation (#6781), by the Juho Vainio Foundation and by a grant from the Academy of Finland (#310295, M. Torniainen-Holm). The funding sources had no role in the design or implementation of the study, the interpretation of the results or the preparation of the manuscript. We thank Dr Glen Ford, VanPelt Biosciences, and Montgomery Village, MD, USA, for carrying out the toxoplasma antibody measurements.
Funding Information:
The study was funded by grant ( P50MH094268 ) from the NIMH (R.H. Yolken), by the Stanley Medical Research Institute (R.H. Yolken), by Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation ( #6781 ), by the Juho Vainio Foundation and by a grant from the Academy of Finland ( #310295 , M. Torniainen-Holm). The funding sources had no role in the design or implementation of the study, the interpretation of the results or the preparation of the manuscript. We thank Dr Glen Ford, VanPelt Biosciences, and Montgomery Village, MD, USA, for carrying out the toxoplasma antibody measurements.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Elsevier Inc.
PY - 2019/2
Y1 - 2019/2
N2 - Background: Inflammation has been suggested to be one, possibly treatable, cause of cognitive decline and dementia. The purpose of the present article was to investigate whether the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) or Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infections are related to cognitive decline or dementia. Method: The Health 2000 survey, conducted 2000–2001, is a population-representative sample of people over 30 years old that involved 7112 participants. The sample was followed up in the year 2011, in the Health 2011 study. At both time points, cognitive performance was assessed with two tests from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) assessing verbal fluency and verbal learning. In addition, the abbreviated Mini-Mental State Examination was administered to people aged over 55. In addition, tests assessing reaction and movement time were performed at baseline. Dementia diagnoses from nationwide health care registers were followed up until the end of year 2013. The presence of HSV-1 and T. gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) was determined by solid-phase immunoassay at baseline. Results: HSV-1 or T. gondii seropositivity, or IgG antibody levels, were not associated with cognitive decline when investigated as infection × time interactions. In addition, the infections were not associated with the risk of dementia. Conclusions: In a large sample of participants that is representative of the whole country and with a long follow-up, the results suggest that latent HSV-1 or T. gondii infections are not related to either decline in cognitive performance or dementia risk.
AB - Background: Inflammation has been suggested to be one, possibly treatable, cause of cognitive decline and dementia. The purpose of the present article was to investigate whether the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) or Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infections are related to cognitive decline or dementia. Method: The Health 2000 survey, conducted 2000–2001, is a population-representative sample of people over 30 years old that involved 7112 participants. The sample was followed up in the year 2011, in the Health 2011 study. At both time points, cognitive performance was assessed with two tests from the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) assessing verbal fluency and verbal learning. In addition, the abbreviated Mini-Mental State Examination was administered to people aged over 55. In addition, tests assessing reaction and movement time were performed at baseline. Dementia diagnoses from nationwide health care registers were followed up until the end of year 2013. The presence of HSV-1 and T. gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) was determined by solid-phase immunoassay at baseline. Results: HSV-1 or T. gondii seropositivity, or IgG antibody levels, were not associated with cognitive decline when investigated as infection × time interactions. In addition, the infections were not associated with the risk of dementia. Conclusions: In a large sample of participants that is representative of the whole country and with a long follow-up, the results suggest that latent HSV-1 or T. gondii infections are not related to either decline in cognitive performance or dementia risk.
KW - Cognition
KW - Dementia
KW - HSV-1
KW - Neuropsychology
KW - Prevalence
KW - Toxoplasmosis
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U2 - 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.11.016
DO - 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.11.016
M3 - Article
C2 - 30465879
AN - SCOPUS:85057253110
VL - 76
SP - 159
EP - 164
JO - Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
JF - Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
SN - 0889-1591
ER -