TY - JOUR
T1 - The intersection of neighborhood racial segregation, poverty, and urbanicity and its impact on food store availability in the United States
AU - Bower, Kelly M.
AU - Thorpe, Roland J.
AU - Rohde, Charles
AU - Gaskin, Darrell J.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was funded by a grant from the National Heart, Blood, and Lung Institute ( 1R01-5R01HL092846-02 ). A poster presentation of these study findings was awarded the Student Abstract Award by the Epidemiology Section at the 2012 American Public Health Association Annual Conference. Thanks to Larry Wissow, MD, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and Gayane Yenokyan, PhD, Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health for their support.
PY - 2014/1
Y1 - 2014/1
N2 - Background: Food store availability may determine the quality of food consumed by residents. Neighborhood racial residential segregation, poverty, and urbanicity independently affect food store availability, but the interactions among them have not been studied. Purpose: To examine availability of supermarkets, grocery stores, and convenience stores in US census tracts according to neighborhood racial/ethnic composition, poverty, and urbanicity. Methods: Data from 2000 US Census and 2001 InfoUSA food store data were combined and multivariate negative binomial regression models employed. Results: As neighborhood poverty increased, supermarket availability decreased and grocery and convenience stores increased, regardless of race/ethnicity. At equal levels of poverty, Black census tracts had the fewest supermarkets, White tracts had the most, and integrated tracts were intermediate. Hispanic census tracts had the most grocery stores at all levels of poverty. In rural census tracts, neither racial composition nor level of poverty predicted supermarket availability. Conclusions: Neighborhood racial composition and neighborhood poverty are independently associated with food store availability. Poor predominantly Black neighborhoods face a double jeopardy with the most limited access to quality food and should be prioritized for interventions. These associations are not seen in rural areas which suggest that interventions should not be universal but developed locally.
AB - Background: Food store availability may determine the quality of food consumed by residents. Neighborhood racial residential segregation, poverty, and urbanicity independently affect food store availability, but the interactions among them have not been studied. Purpose: To examine availability of supermarkets, grocery stores, and convenience stores in US census tracts according to neighborhood racial/ethnic composition, poverty, and urbanicity. Methods: Data from 2000 US Census and 2001 InfoUSA food store data were combined and multivariate negative binomial regression models employed. Results: As neighborhood poverty increased, supermarket availability decreased and grocery and convenience stores increased, regardless of race/ethnicity. At equal levels of poverty, Black census tracts had the fewest supermarkets, White tracts had the most, and integrated tracts were intermediate. Hispanic census tracts had the most grocery stores at all levels of poverty. In rural census tracts, neither racial composition nor level of poverty predicted supermarket availability. Conclusions: Neighborhood racial composition and neighborhood poverty are independently associated with food store availability. Poor predominantly Black neighborhoods face a double jeopardy with the most limited access to quality food and should be prioritized for interventions. These associations are not seen in rural areas which suggest that interventions should not be universal but developed locally.
KW - Concentrated poverty
KW - Food store availability
KW - Health disparity
KW - Neighborhood
KW - Racial residential segregation
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.10.010
DO - 10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.10.010
M3 - Article
C2 - 24161713
AN - SCOPUS:84890152968
SN - 0091-7435
VL - 58
SP - 33
EP - 39
JO - Preventive Medicine
JF - Preventive Medicine
IS - 1
ER -