The influence of needle exchange programs on injection risk behaviors and infection with hepatitis C virus among young injection drug users in select cities in the United States, 1994-2004

Deborah Holtzman, Vaughn Barry, Lawrence J. Ouellet, Don C.Des Jarlais, David Vlahov, Elizabeth T. Golub, Sharon M. Hudson, Richard S. Garfein

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

53 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: Our purpose was to assess whether participation in needle exchange programs (NEPs) influenced incident hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection through effects on injection risk behaviors among young injection drug users (IDUs) in the United States. Methods: Data were drawn from three multi-site studies carried out in four major cities that enrolled IDUs over the period 1994-2004. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to assess relationships among sociodemographic characteristics, NEP use, injection risk behaviors, and prevalent or incident HCV infection. Results: Of the total participants (n = 4663), HCV seroprevalence was 37%; among those who initially tested negative and completed follow-up at three, six, or 12 months (n = 1288), 12% seroconverted. Nearly half of participants reported NEP (46%) use at baseline. Multivariate results showed no significant relationship between NEP use and HCV seroconversion. Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, IDUs reporting NEP use were significantly less likely to share needles (aOR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.67-0.88). Additionally, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and program use, sharing needles, sharing other injection paraphernalia, longer injection duration, and injecting daily were all positively related to prevalent infection. Conclusions: Our results suggest an indirect protective effect of NEP use on HCV infection by reducing risk behavior.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)68-73
Number of pages6
JournalPreventive Medicine
Volume49
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 2009

Keywords

  • Drug injection risk behaviors
  • Hepatitis C virus infection
  • Injection drug use
  • Injection drug users (IDUs)
  • Needle exchange programs
  • Surveys
  • United States
  • Young adults

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health

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