TY - JOUR
T1 - The impact of intimate partner violence on women's contraceptive use
T2 - Evidence from the Rakai Community Cohort Study in Rakai, Uganda
AU - Maxwell, Lauren
AU - Brahmbhatt, Heena
AU - Ndyanabo, Anthony
AU - Wagman, Jennifer
AU - Nakigozi, Gertrude
AU - Kaufman, Jay S.
AU - Nalugoda, Fred
AU - Serwadda, David
AU - Nandi, Arijit
PY - 2018/7/1
Y1 - 2018/7/1
N2 - A systematic review of longitudinal studies suggests that intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with reduced contraceptive use, but most included studies were limited to two time points. We used seven waves of data from the Rakai Community Cohort Study in Rakai, Uganda to estimate the effect of prior year IPV at one visit on women's current contraceptive use at the following visit. We used inverse probability of treatment-weighted marginal structural models (MSMs) to estimate the relative risk of current contraceptive use comparing women who were exposed to emotional, physical, and/or sexual IPV during the year prior to interview to those who were not. We accounted for time-fixed and time-varying confounders and prior IPV and adjusted standard errors for repeated measures within individuals. The analysis included 7923 women interviewed between 2001 and 2013. In the weighted MSMs, women who experienced any form of prior year IPV were 20% less likely to use condoms at last sex than women who had not (95% CI: 0.12, 0.26). We did not find evidence that IPV affects current use of modern contraception (RR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.03); however, current use of a partner-dependent method was 27% lower among women who reported any form of prior-year IPV compared to women who had not (95% CI: 0.20, 0.33). Women who experienced prior-year IPV were less likely to use condoms and other forms of contraception that required negotiation with their male partners and more likely to use contraception that they could hide from their male partners. Longitudinal studies in Rakai and elsewhere have found that women who experience IPV have a higher rate of HIV than women who do not. Our finding that women who experience IPV are less likely to use condoms may help explain the relation between IPV and HIV.
AB - A systematic review of longitudinal studies suggests that intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with reduced contraceptive use, but most included studies were limited to two time points. We used seven waves of data from the Rakai Community Cohort Study in Rakai, Uganda to estimate the effect of prior year IPV at one visit on women's current contraceptive use at the following visit. We used inverse probability of treatment-weighted marginal structural models (MSMs) to estimate the relative risk of current contraceptive use comparing women who were exposed to emotional, physical, and/or sexual IPV during the year prior to interview to those who were not. We accounted for time-fixed and time-varying confounders and prior IPV and adjusted standard errors for repeated measures within individuals. The analysis included 7923 women interviewed between 2001 and 2013. In the weighted MSMs, women who experienced any form of prior year IPV were 20% less likely to use condoms at last sex than women who had not (95% CI: 0.12, 0.26). We did not find evidence that IPV affects current use of modern contraception (RR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.95, 1.03); however, current use of a partner-dependent method was 27% lower among women who reported any form of prior-year IPV compared to women who had not (95% CI: 0.20, 0.33). Women who experienced prior-year IPV were less likely to use condoms and other forms of contraception that required negotiation with their male partners and more likely to use contraception that they could hide from their male partners. Longitudinal studies in Rakai and elsewhere have found that women who experience IPV have a higher rate of HIV than women who do not. Our finding that women who experience IPV are less likely to use condoms may help explain the relation between IPV and HIV.
KW - Causal inference
KW - Cohort
KW - Condoms
KW - Intimate partner violence
KW - Long-acting and permanent methods
KW - Marginal structural models
KW - Reproductive coercion
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85047080874&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85047080874&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.04.050
DO - 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.04.050
M3 - Article
C2 - 29783092
AN - SCOPUS:85047080874
SN - 0277-9536
VL - 209
SP - 25
EP - 32
JO - Social Science and Medicine
JF - Social Science and Medicine
ER -