The Growing and Glowing Toolbox of Fluorescent and Photoactive Proteins

Erik A. Rodriguez, Robert E. Campbell, John Y. Lin, Michael Z. Lin, Atsushi Miyawaki, Amy E. Palmer, Xiaokun Shu, Jin Zhang, Roger Y. Tsien

Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

263 Scopus citations

Abstract

Over the past 20 years, protein engineering has been extensively used to improve and modify the fundamental properties of fluorescent proteins (FPs) with the goal of adapting them for a fantastic range of applications. FPs have been modified by a combination of rational design, structure-based mutagenesis, and countless cycles of directed evolution (gene diversification followed by selection of clones with desired properties) that have collectively pushed the properties to photophysical and biochemical extremes. In this review, we provide both a summary of the progress that has been made during the past two decades, and a broad overview of the current state of FP development and applications in mammalian systems.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)111-129
Number of pages19
JournalTrends in Biochemical Sciences
Volume42
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Feb 1 2017
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology

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