@article{4fbf8b5cfe604c1bb8faaf7c246956df,
title = "The feasibility of HIV vaccine efficacy trials among Russian injection drug users",
abstract = "IDU exposure remains a primary driver of the Russian HIV epidemic, and recent incidence data provide little evidence that this epidemic is slowing. While there are multiple important challenges that need to be further explored before starting vaccine trials, most importantly access to evidence-based drug treatment services for trial participants, the current context of high HIV incidence and low genetic diversity of HIV strains, suggests the need for intensified prevention strategies and supports the feasibility of mounting efficacy trials of HIV vaccines among IDUs in the Russian Federation.",
keywords = "HIV, Injection drug use, Molecular epidemiology, St. Petersburg, Vaccines",
author = "Chris Beyrer and Stefan Baral and Alla Shaboltas and Elena Dukhovlinova and Alexey Masharsky and Sergey Verevochkin and Carl Latkin and Robert Heimer and Irving Hoffman and Andrei Kozlov",
note = "Funding Information: The HIV Prevention Trial Network (HPTN) of the U.S. NIH conducted a multi-site cohort preparedness trial among IDUs in two Chinese cities and in St. Petersburg, Russia. This trial in Russia, which was funded by a grant to the University of North Carolina and the Biomedical Center (BC) in St. Petersburg, enrolled 520 IDUs between March and December of 2002 and followed them through to 2004. This study demonstrated a baseline HIV prevalence of 30% among IDUs and a measured HIV-1 incidence of 4.5/100 person-years (95% CI 2.7–7.0) [6,7] . A more recent collaboration between the BC and the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health is a randomized controlled trial of the Russian IDU Peer Network HIV Prevention Intervention which prospectively followed 534 IDUs beginning in December of 2004. Though this study is still ongoing, preliminary analyses of available results have demonstrated an HIV incidence rate of 14/100 person-years (95% CI 8.5–22.1) among IDUs [8] . Finally, a study using the BED capture enzyme immunoassay for incidence rate estimation among 1031 IDUs between the years of 2004 to 2006, resulted in an estimate of HIV incidence rate of 17.5/100 person-years (95% CI 14.2–20.8) [9] . Given other reports of performance with this assay, this is likely to be an over-estimate of incidence [10] . ",
year = "2007",
month = oct,
day = "10",
doi = "10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.07.028",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "25",
pages = "7014--7016",
journal = "Vaccine",
issn = "0264-410X",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
number = "41",
}