TY - JOUR
T1 - The European Smoking prevention Framework Approach (ESFA)
T2 - Effects after 24 and 30 months
AU - De Vries, Hein
AU - Dijk, Froukje
AU - Wetzels, Joyce
AU - Mudde, Aart
AU - Kremers, Stef
AU - Ariza, Carles
AU - Vitória, Paulo Duarte
AU - Fielder, Anne
AU - Holm, Klavs
AU - Janssen, Karin
AU - Lehtovuori, Riku
AU - Candel, Math
N1 - Funding Information:
The ESFA project was financed by a grant from the European Commission (The Tobacco and Information Fund; contract 96/IT/13-B96 SOC96201157). We thank Martijntje Bakker, Kerstin van der Groot, and Ingrid Leijs who served as the project managers. We thank the contractors Jenaro Astray Mochales, Goof Buijs, Anne Charlton, Manuel Pais Clemente, Manel Nebot, Andrew Povey, Trudy Prins, António Romeiro, Hans Storm and Errki Vartiainen. We also thank Saadhna Panday for correcting our English. Finally, we thank all teachers, health intermediaries, students and all other individuals who participated in the ESFA project, and the reviewers for their constructive comments.
PY - 2006/2
Y1 - 2006/2
N2 - The European Smoking Prevention Framework Approach (ESFA) study in six countries tested the effects of a comprehensive smoking prevention approach after 24 (T3; N = 10 751) and 30 months (T4; N = 9282). The programme targeted four levels, i.e. adolescents in schools, school policies, parents and the community. In Portugal, 12.4% of the T1 non-smokers in the control group had started smoking at T4 compared to 7.9% of the experimental group. Smoking onset in the experimental group was thus 36% lower. In Finland, 32.4% of the T1 non-smokers started smoking compared to 27.6% of the experimental group, implying a 15% lower onset in the experimental group. In Spain, 33.0% of the T1 non-smokers in the control group had started smoking, compared to 29.1% of the experimental group, implying a 12 % lower onset. In The Netherlands, the ESFA programme was effective for non-native adolescents with 11.4% new weekly smokers compared to 19.9% in the control group. An opposite effect was found in native Dutch adolescents with 19.0% new weekly smokers in the comparison group compared to 24.0% new smokers in the experimental group. Future programmes should use more standardized ways to assess process evaluations and should assess which elements are responsible for behavioral effects.
AB - The European Smoking Prevention Framework Approach (ESFA) study in six countries tested the effects of a comprehensive smoking prevention approach after 24 (T3; N = 10 751) and 30 months (T4; N = 9282). The programme targeted four levels, i.e. adolescents in schools, school policies, parents and the community. In Portugal, 12.4% of the T1 non-smokers in the control group had started smoking at T4 compared to 7.9% of the experimental group. Smoking onset in the experimental group was thus 36% lower. In Finland, 32.4% of the T1 non-smokers started smoking compared to 27.6% of the experimental group, implying a 15% lower onset in the experimental group. In Spain, 33.0% of the T1 non-smokers in the control group had started smoking, compared to 29.1% of the experimental group, implying a 12 % lower onset. In The Netherlands, the ESFA programme was effective for non-native adolescents with 11.4% new weekly smokers compared to 19.9% in the control group. An opposite effect was found in native Dutch adolescents with 19.0% new weekly smokers in the comparison group compared to 24.0% new smokers in the experimental group. Future programmes should use more standardized ways to assess process evaluations and should assess which elements are responsible for behavioral effects.
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U2 - 10.1093/her/cyh048
DO - 10.1093/her/cyh048
M3 - Article
C2 - 16087692
AN - SCOPUS:32644447253
SN - 0268-1153
VL - 21
SP - 116
EP - 132
JO - Health education research
JF - Health education research
IS - 1
ER -