Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) form a family of pattern recognition receptors with at least 11 members in human and 13 in mouse. TLRs recognize a wide variety of putative host-derived agonists that have emerged as key mediators of innate immunity. TLR signaling also plays an important role in the activation of the adaptive immune system by inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulating costimulatory molecules of antigen presenting cells. Inappropriate activation of TLRs by self-components generated by damaged tissues may result in sterile inflammation. This review discusses the contribution of TLR signaling to the initiation and progression of non-infectious inflammatory processes, such as ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury, tissue repair and regeneration and autoimmune diseases. The involvement of TLR signaling in the pathogenesis of sterile inflammation-related diseases may provide novel targets for the development of therapeutics.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 1422-1432 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | International immunopharmacology |
Volume | 11 |
Issue number | 10 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Oct 2011 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Autoimmunity
- Ligands
- Sterile inflammation
- Toll-like receptors
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Immunology and Allergy
- Immunology
- Pharmacology