The effect of zinc supplementation during pregnancy on immune response to hib and BCG vaccines in Bangladesh

Saskia J.M. Osendarp; George J. Fuchs; Joop M.A. van Raaij; Hasan Mahmud; Fahmida Tofail; Robert E. Black; Hari Prabhakar; Mathuram Santosham

doi:10.1093/tropej/fml012

The effect of zinc supplementation during pregnancy on immune response to hib and BCG vaccines in Bangladesh

Saskia J.M. Osendarp, George J. Fuchs, Joop M.A. van Raaij, Hasan Mahmud, Fahmida Tofail, Robert E. Black, Hari Prabhakar, Mathuram Santosham

Bloomberg School of Public Health

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

17 Scopus citations

Abstract

An essential role for zinc in development of the fetal immune system has been documented. However, the effect of antenatal zinc supplementation on infants' postnatal immune response to vaccinations is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation during pregnancy on immune response to the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine and the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) component of the combined diphtheria, tetanus toxoid and pertussis (DTP)- Haemophilus influenzae type-b (Hib)- conjugate vaccine in poor Bangladeshi infants. We immunized 405 infants whose mothers were supplemented daily with 30 mg elemental zinc or placebo beginning at 12-16 weeks gestation with the standard BCG vaccine at birth. A subcohort of 203 infants were in addition immunized at 1-month intervals with three doses of DTP-Hib vaccine starting at 9 weeks of age. The delayed hypersensitivity (PPD) skin test was performed in 345 infants at 24 weeks of age. Hib polysaccharide (PRP) antibodies were assessed for 91 infants at 4 and 24 weeks of age. In infants born with low birth weight (LBW) a lower proportion of negative responses to PPD skin test were observed in the zinc (66.2%) compared to placebo (78.5%) group (p = 0.07). No differences were observed in normal birth weight infants. There were no differences in proportion of infants above the protective thresholds for anti-PRP antibodies between zinc (81%) and placebo (89%) group. Geometric mean PRP antibody titres at 4 and 24 weeks of age were not different between groups. Zinc supplementation during pregnancy did not enhance immune response to Hib-conjugate vaccine but there was a suggestion of improved delayed hypersensitivity immune responses to BCG-vaccine in Bangladeshi LBW infants.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	316-323
Number of pages	8
Journal	Journal of tropical pediatrics
Volume	52
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fml012
State	Published - Oct 2006

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Medicine

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10.1093/tropej/fml012

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title = "The effect of zinc supplementation during pregnancy on immune response to hib and BCG vaccines in Bangladesh",

abstract = "An essential role for zinc in development of the fetal immune system has been documented. However, the effect of antenatal zinc supplementation on infants' postnatal immune response to vaccinations is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation during pregnancy on immune response to the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine and the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) component of the combined diphtheria, tetanus toxoid and pertussis (DTP)- Haemophilus influenzae type-b (Hib)- conjugate vaccine in poor Bangladeshi infants. We immunized 405 infants whose mothers were supplemented daily with 30 mg elemental zinc or placebo beginning at 12-16 weeks gestation with the standard BCG vaccine at birth. A subcohort of 203 infants were in addition immunized at 1-month intervals with three doses of DTP-Hib vaccine starting at 9 weeks of age. The delayed hypersensitivity (PPD) skin test was performed in 345 infants at 24 weeks of age. Hib polysaccharide (PRP) antibodies were assessed for 91 infants at 4 and 24 weeks of age. In infants born with low birth weight (LBW) a lower proportion of negative responses to PPD skin test were observed in the zinc (66.2%) compared to placebo (78.5%) group (p = 0.07). No differences were observed in normal birth weight infants. There were no differences in proportion of infants above the protective thresholds for anti-PRP antibodies between zinc (81%) and placebo (89%) group. Geometric mean PRP antibody titres at 4 and 24 weeks of age were not different between groups. Zinc supplementation during pregnancy did not enhance immune response to Hib-conjugate vaccine but there was a suggestion of improved delayed hypersensitivity immune responses to BCG-vaccine in Bangladeshi LBW infants.",

author = "Osendarp, {Saskia J.M.} and Fuchs, {George J.} and {van Raaij}, {Joop M.A.} and Hasan Mahmud and Fahmida Tofail and Black, {Robert E.} and Hari Prabhakar and Mathuram Santosham",

note = "Funding Information: We appreciate the collaboration of all women and their infants involved in this study and the work of our dedicated field staff. We thank Jill Hackell and Wendy Watson of Wyeth Lederle Vaccines and Pediatrics, NY, for their assistance with the immune assays and review of the manuscript. Gary Darmstadt and David Sack were kind enough to carry samples to the US for analysis. This study was conducted at ICDDR,B: Centre for Health and Population Research with the support of grants from the Johns Hopkins Family Health and Survival Cooperative Agreement with USAID, the Royal Netherlands Government (Activity number: RISC, BD009602) and from Wyeth Lederle Vaccines, NY, USA. ICDDR,B acknowledges with gratitude the commitments of USAID, the Royal Netherlands Government and Wyeth Lederle Vaccines to the Centre{\textquoteright}s research efforts.",

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doi = "10.1093/tropej/fml012",

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AU - Fuchs, George J.

AU - van Raaij, Joop M.A.

AU - Mahmud, Hasan

AU - Tofail, Fahmida

AU - Black, Robert E.

AU - Prabhakar, Hari

AU - Santosham, Mathuram

N1 - Funding Information: We appreciate the collaboration of all women and their infants involved in this study and the work of our dedicated field staff. We thank Jill Hackell and Wendy Watson of Wyeth Lederle Vaccines and Pediatrics, NY, for their assistance with the immune assays and review of the manuscript. Gary Darmstadt and David Sack were kind enough to carry samples to the US for analysis. This study was conducted at ICDDR,B: Centre for Health and Population Research with the support of grants from the Johns Hopkins Family Health and Survival Cooperative Agreement with USAID, the Royal Netherlands Government (Activity number: RISC, BD009602) and from Wyeth Lederle Vaccines, NY, USA. ICDDR,B acknowledges with gratitude the commitments of USAID, the Royal Netherlands Government and Wyeth Lederle Vaccines to the Centre’s research efforts.

PY - 2006/10

Y1 - 2006/10

N2 - An essential role for zinc in development of the fetal immune system has been documented. However, the effect of antenatal zinc supplementation on infants' postnatal immune response to vaccinations is unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation during pregnancy on immune response to the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine and the Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) component of the combined diphtheria, tetanus toxoid and pertussis (DTP)- Haemophilus influenzae type-b (Hib)- conjugate vaccine in poor Bangladeshi infants. We immunized 405 infants whose mothers were supplemented daily with 30 mg elemental zinc or placebo beginning at 12-16 weeks gestation with the standard BCG vaccine at birth. A subcohort of 203 infants were in addition immunized at 1-month intervals with three doses of DTP-Hib vaccine starting at 9 weeks of age. The delayed hypersensitivity (PPD) skin test was performed in 345 infants at 24 weeks of age. Hib polysaccharide (PRP) antibodies were assessed for 91 infants at 4 and 24 weeks of age. In infants born with low birth weight (LBW) a lower proportion of negative responses to PPD skin test were observed in the zinc (66.2%) compared to placebo (78.5%) group (p = 0.07). No differences were observed in normal birth weight infants. There were no differences in proportion of infants above the protective thresholds for anti-PRP antibodies between zinc (81%) and placebo (89%) group. Geometric mean PRP antibody titres at 4 and 24 weeks of age were not different between groups. Zinc supplementation during pregnancy did not enhance immune response to Hib-conjugate vaccine but there was a suggestion of improved delayed hypersensitivity immune responses to BCG-vaccine in Bangladeshi LBW infants.

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The effect of zinc supplementation during pregnancy on immune response to hib and BCG vaccines in Bangladesh

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