TY - JOUR
T1 - The Effect of Novel Cardiovascular Risk Factors on the Ethnic-Specific Odds for Peripheral Arterial Disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
AU - Allison, Matthew A.
AU - Criqui, Michael H.
AU - McClelland, Robyn L.
AU - Scott, Jo Ann M.
AU - McDermott, Mary M.
AU - Liu, Kiang
AU - Folsom, Aaron R.
AU - Bertoni, Alain G.
AU - Sharrett, A. Richey
AU - Homma, Shunichi
AU - Kori, Sujata
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by a grant from the American Heart Association (to Dr. Allison) and contracts N01-HC-95159 through N01-HC-95165 and N01-HC-95169 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. A full list of participating MESA investigators and institutions can be found at http://www.mesa-nhlbi.org . Charles H. Hennekens, MD, served as guest editor for this report.
PY - 2006/9/19
Y1 - 2006/9/19
N2 - Objectives: The purpose of this study was to: 1) determine the significance and magnitude of associations between novel cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) after adjustment for traditional risk factors; and 2) ascertain the extent to which novel risk factors explain the excess or lower risk for PAD in different ethnic groups. Background: Previous reports have found a significant difference in the risk of PAD by ethnic group, with some of the risk difference attributed to different levels of traditional CVD risk factors. Methods: A total of 6,814 individuals free of clinically apparent CVD were enrolled in the MESA (Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) and underwent standardized testing for the presence of PAD by the ankle-brachial index. These subjects also had fasting blood drawn for serum cholesterol, glucose, and a number of novel biomarkers for CVD. Non-Hispanic whites were the largest ethnic group (38%), followed by African Americans (28%), Hispanics (22%), and Chinese (12%). Results: In this cross-sectional analysis, 6,653 subjects with an ankle brachial index <1.40 were analyzed. The mean (SD) age was 62.2 (10.2) years, and 52.9% were women. Interleukin-6, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and homocysteine were significantly associated with PAD after adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors. Compared with non-Hispanic whites and after adjustment for traditional and "novel" risk factors, the odds for PAD were 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07 to 2.02) times higher in African Americans, while being 0.45 (95% CI: 0.29 to 0.70) and 0.44 (95% CI: 0.24 to 0.78) in Hispanics and Chinese, respectively. Conclusions: Ethnic associations with PAD remained significant even after adjustment for traditional and novel risk factors. This suggests that unknown factors may account for the residual ethnic differences in PAD.
AB - Objectives: The purpose of this study was to: 1) determine the significance and magnitude of associations between novel cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) after adjustment for traditional risk factors; and 2) ascertain the extent to which novel risk factors explain the excess or lower risk for PAD in different ethnic groups. Background: Previous reports have found a significant difference in the risk of PAD by ethnic group, with some of the risk difference attributed to different levels of traditional CVD risk factors. Methods: A total of 6,814 individuals free of clinically apparent CVD were enrolled in the MESA (Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) and underwent standardized testing for the presence of PAD by the ankle-brachial index. These subjects also had fasting blood drawn for serum cholesterol, glucose, and a number of novel biomarkers for CVD. Non-Hispanic whites were the largest ethnic group (38%), followed by African Americans (28%), Hispanics (22%), and Chinese (12%). Results: In this cross-sectional analysis, 6,653 subjects with an ankle brachial index <1.40 were analyzed. The mean (SD) age was 62.2 (10.2) years, and 52.9% were women. Interleukin-6, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and homocysteine were significantly associated with PAD after adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors. Compared with non-Hispanic whites and after adjustment for traditional and "novel" risk factors, the odds for PAD were 1.47 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07 to 2.02) times higher in African Americans, while being 0.45 (95% CI: 0.29 to 0.70) and 0.44 (95% CI: 0.24 to 0.78) in Hispanics and Chinese, respectively. Conclusions: Ethnic associations with PAD remained significant even after adjustment for traditional and novel risk factors. This suggests that unknown factors may account for the residual ethnic differences in PAD.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33748424292&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=33748424292&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.05.049
DO - 10.1016/j.jacc.2006.05.049
M3 - Article
C2 - 16979004
AN - SCOPUS:33748424292
SN - 0735-1097
VL - 48
SP - 1190
EP - 1197
JO - Journal of the American College of Cardiology
JF - Journal of the American College of Cardiology
IS - 6
ER -