TY - CHAP
T1 - The Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing in the USA and Europe
AU - Goldberg, Alan
AU - Leist, Marcel
AU - Hartung, Thomas
N1 - Funding Information:
CAAT was initially funded by the US Cosmetic, Toiletries, and Fragrance Association (CTFA) with a $1M grant, but has since been supported by more than 50 companies and trade associations from various sectors, and philanthropic and public research funding. Over almost four decades, it expanded to all areas of animal use in industry, regulation and academia. Its work spans from proof-of-principle research into new alternatives funded competitively by various research funding bodies, to translational work of multi-stakeholder consensus processes, education and communication, as well as policy programmes, informing especially the US and EU legislative processes. Current focus areas with dedicated programmes include Microphysiological Systems, Pathway-based Toxicology (The Human Toxome), Good Cell Culture Practice, Evidence-based Toxicology, Green Toxicology, Refinement, in silico approaches, including Read-Across, and Thresholds of Toxicological Concern, as well as Integrated Testing Strategies.
Funding Information:
From the very beginning of the Center, the Refinement R has been very important to CAAT. Intermittent support was obtained from several sponsors, and Refinement research was funded by a grant mechanism. CAAT now funds research at institutions worldwide that was initiated by animal technicians and postdoctoral fellows in comparative medicine groups, to solve very specific animal welfare issue, at up to $6000 (for 1 year). Projects that were funded and were successful were presented at the PRIM&R annual meetings. At the request of the pharmaceutical companies supporting CAAT and with help of the Klingenstein Foundation, a Refinement programme, led by Joanne Zurlo, was added in 2011. CAAT is an affiliate member of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science (AALAS) and participates in its annual meeting with an exhibit booth and speakers. A series of Refinement workshops continues, recently focusing on social housing of laboratory animals, and CAAT gives out its Science-based Refinement awards. In 2017, the programme is now led by Kathrin Herrmann.
Funding Information:
The Johns Hopkins University Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) was founded in September 1981 (1) . CAAT was initially funded by the Cosmetic, Toiletries, and Fragrance Association (CTFA, now called the Personal Care Product Council (PCPC), with a $1M grant. At that time, it was the single largest corporate-funded project at Johns Hopkins University. The focus of the project was to be on supporting the development of in vitro cell-based assays to replace animal tests for regulatory purposes. CAAT became the brand for which a new model was needed, concerning how to maintain independence while working with a trade association that reported to many different companies, some with differing agendas. An advisory board to CAAT was set up to advise the director and the university on the related issues to be confronted. CAAT, like all centres at the university, reports to a department and thus through the department to the office of the dean, Dean D.A. Henderson, at the time of its establishment.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/10/22
Y1 - 2018/10/22
N2 - The Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) was founded in 1981. CAAT-USA is part of the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, now with a European branch (CAAT-Europe), located since 2010 at the University of Konstanz, Germany. This transatlantic organisation, with ties to all parts of the world, promotes humane science by supporting the creation, development, validation and use of alternatives to animals in research, product safety testing and education. CAAT seeks to effect change by working with scientists in industry, government and academia, to find new ways to replace animals with non-animal methods, reduce the numbers of animals necessary or refine methods to make them less painful or stressful to the animals involved. This is promoted by regular workshops organised by its transatlantic think tank for toxicology (t4).CAAT was initially funded by the US Cosmetic, Toiletries, and Fragrance Association (CTFA) with a $1M grant, but has since been supported by more than 50 companies and trade associations from various sectors, and philanthropic and public research funding. Over almost four decades, it expanded to all areas of animal use in industry, regulation and academia. Its work spans from proof-of-principle research into new alternatives funded competitively by various research funding bodies, to translational work of multi-stakeholder consensus processes, education and communication, as well as policy programmes, informing especially the US and EU legislative processes. Current focus areas with dedicated programmes include Microphysiological Systems, Pathway-based Toxicology (The Human Toxome), Good Cell Culture Practice, Evidence-based Toxicology, Green Toxicology, Refinement, in silico approaches, including Read-Across, and Thresholds of Toxicological Concern, as well as Integrated Testing Strategies.
AB - The Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) was founded in 1981. CAAT-USA is part of the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, now with a European branch (CAAT-Europe), located since 2010 at the University of Konstanz, Germany. This transatlantic organisation, with ties to all parts of the world, promotes humane science by supporting the creation, development, validation and use of alternatives to animals in research, product safety testing and education. CAAT seeks to effect change by working with scientists in industry, government and academia, to find new ways to replace animals with non-animal methods, reduce the numbers of animals necessary or refine methods to make them less painful or stressful to the animals involved. This is promoted by regular workshops organised by its transatlantic think tank for toxicology (t4).CAAT was initially funded by the US Cosmetic, Toiletries, and Fragrance Association (CTFA) with a $1M grant, but has since been supported by more than 50 companies and trade associations from various sectors, and philanthropic and public research funding. Over almost four decades, it expanded to all areas of animal use in industry, regulation and academia. Its work spans from proof-of-principle research into new alternatives funded competitively by various research funding bodies, to translational work of multi-stakeholder consensus processes, education and communication, as well as policy programmes, informing especially the US and EU legislative processes. Current focus areas with dedicated programmes include Microphysiological Systems, Pathway-based Toxicology (The Human Toxome), Good Cell Culture Practice, Evidence-based Toxicology, Green Toxicology, Refinement, in silico approaches, including Read-Across, and Thresholds of Toxicological Concern, as well as Integrated Testing Strategies.
KW - Alternative method
KW - CAAT
KW - Consensus process
KW - International collaboration
KW - Quality assurance
KW - Stakeholder communication
KW - Testing strategy
KW - Three Rs
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U2 - 10.1016/B978-0-12-813697-3.00014-7
DO - 10.1016/B978-0-12-813697-3.00014-7
M3 - Chapter
AN - SCOPUS:85069792205
SN - 9780128136973
SP - 109
EP - 117
BT - The History of Alternative Test Methods in Toxicology
PB - Elsevier
ER -