The Association of Preoperative Opioid Usage with Patient-Reported Outcomes, Adverse Events, and Return to Work after Lumbar Fusion: Analysis from the Michigan Spine Surgery Improvement Collaborative (MSSIC)

Hesham Mostafa Zakaria, Tarek R. Mansour, Edvin Telemi, Karam Asmaro, Michael Bazydlo, Lonni Schultz, David R. Nerenz, Muwaffak Abdulhak, Jad G. Khalil, Richard Easton, Jason M. Schwalb, Paul Park, Victor Chang

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

3 Scopus citations

Abstract

BACKGROUND: It is important to delineate the relationship between opioid use and spine surgery outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between preoperative opioid usage and postoperative adverse events, patient satisfaction, return to work, and improvement in Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) in patients undergoing lumbar fusion procedures by using 2-yr data from a prospective spine registry. METHODS: Preoperative opioid chronicity from 8693 lumbar fusion patients was defined as opioid-naïve (no usage), new users (<6 wk), short-Term users (6 wk-3 mo), intermediate-Term users (3-6 mo), and chronic users (>6 mo). Multivariate generalized estimating equation models were constructed. RESULTS: All comparisons were to opioid-naïve patients. Chronic opioid users showed less satisfaction with their procedure at 90 d (Relative Risk (RR) 0.95, P =. 001), 1 yr (RR 0.89, P =. 001), and 2 yr (RR 0.89, P =. 005). New opioid users were more likely to show improvement in ODI at 90 d (RR 1.25, P <. 001), 1 yr (RR 1.17, P <. 001), and 2 yr (RR 1.19, P =. 002). Short-Term opioid users were more likely to show ODI improvement at 90 d (RR 1.25, P <. 001). Chronic opioid users were less likely to show ODI improvement at 90 d (RR 0.90, P =. 004), 1 yr (RR 0.85, P <. 001), and 2 yr (RR 0.80, P =. 003). Chronic opioid users were less likely to return to work at 90 d (RR 0.80, P <. 001). CONCLUSION: In lumbar fusion patients and when compared to opioid-naïve patients, new opioid users were more likely and chronic opioid users less likely to have improved ODI scores 2 yr after surgery. Chronic opioid users are less likely to be satisfied with their procedure 2 yr after surgery and less likely to return to work at 90 d. Preoperative opioid counseling is advised.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)142-149
Number of pages8
JournalNeurosurgery
Volume87
Issue number1
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 1 2020
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Morbidity
  • Opioid-related disorders
  • Patient satisfaction
  • Patient-reported outcome measures
  • Quality improvement
  • Spinal fusion
  • Spine surgery

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Surgery
  • Clinical Neurology

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