The association of chronic lung disease with early mortality and respiratory adverse events after aortic valve replacement

Juan A. Crestanello, Robert S.D. Higgins, Xia He, Paramita Saha-Chaudhuri, Brian R. Englum, J. Matthew Brennan, Vinod H. Thourani

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

14 Scopus citations

Abstract

Background We studied the association between components of chronic lung disease (CLD) assessment and operative outcomes in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement (AVR) for aortic stenosis.

Methods From 2011 to 2012, 9,177 patients included in The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) Cardiac Surgery Database underwent AVR for aortic stenosis with complete pulmonary function tests (PFT) and CLD data (31% of AVRs). We evaluated markers of CLD and their association with operative mortality, pulmonary morbidity, and length of hospital stay using multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Results In a selected population of AVR patients with PFTs, CLD was prevalent in 50% (mild, 25.6%; moderate, 13.2%; severe, 11.2%). Predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was obtained in all patients and diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), and arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) in 31%. The STS predicted risk of operative mortality, mortality, pulmonary morbidity, and hospital stay increased with severity of CLD and with low FEV1, DLCO, and PaO2. Moderate and severe CLD were independently associated with operative mortality (odds ratio [OR] 2.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.0-4.5), pulmonary morbidity (OR 2.33, 95% CI: 1.93-2.8), and prolonged hospital stay (OR 2.73, 95% CI: 2.17-3.45). Low FEV1 was independently associated with pulmonary morbidity and prolonged hospital stay. Low PaO2 and DLCO were independently associated with a combined mortality and pulmonary morbidity endpoint.

Conclusions CLD is associated with adverse operative outcomes in selected patients with aortic stenosis undergoing AVR. FEV1, DLCO, and PaO2 may add important information to current risk adjustment models beyond the broad CLD classification.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)2068-2077
Number of pages10
JournalAnnals of Thoracic Surgery
Volume98
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Dec 1 2014
Externally publishedYes

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Surgery
  • Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
  • Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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