TY - JOUR
T1 - The anatomy of health care team training and the state of practice
T2 - A critical review
AU - Salas, Eduardo
AU - Weaver, Sallie J.
AU - Lyons, Rebecca
AU - Diazgranados, Deborah
AU - Rosen, Michael A.
AU - Oglesby, James
AU - Augenstein, Jeffrey S.
AU - Birnbach, David J.
AU - Robinson, Donald
AU - King, Heidi B.
PY - 2010/11
Y1 - 2010/11
N2 - PURPOSE: As the U.S. health care system enters a new era, the importance of team-based care approaches grows. How is the health care community ensuring that providers and administrators are equipped with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) foundational for effective teamwork? Are these KSAs transferring into daily practice? This review summarizes the present state of practice for health care team training described in published literature. Drawing from empirical investigations of training effectiveness, the authors explore training design, implementation, and evaluation to provide insight into the shape, structure, and anatomy of team training in health care. METHOD: A 2009 literature search yielded 40 peer-reviewed articles detailing health care team training evaluations. Guided by 11 focal questions, two trained raters extracted details regarding training design, implementation, evaluation metrics, and outcomes. RESULTS: Findings indicate that team training is being implemented across a wide spectrum of providers and is primarily targeting communication, situational awareness, leadership, and role clarity. Relatively few details indicate how training needs were established. Most studies collected data immediately posttraining; however, less than 30% collected data six months or more posttraining. Content analyses highlight the need for enhanced detail in published training evaluation reports. CONCLUSIONS: In many respects, health care team training implementation and evaluation align with best practices suggested from the science of training, adult learning, and human performance; however, opportunities for improvement exist. The authors suggest several mechanisms for furthering the health care team training evidence base to enhance patient safety and work environment quality for clinicians.
AB - PURPOSE: As the U.S. health care system enters a new era, the importance of team-based care approaches grows. How is the health care community ensuring that providers and administrators are equipped with the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) foundational for effective teamwork? Are these KSAs transferring into daily practice? This review summarizes the present state of practice for health care team training described in published literature. Drawing from empirical investigations of training effectiveness, the authors explore training design, implementation, and evaluation to provide insight into the shape, structure, and anatomy of team training in health care. METHOD: A 2009 literature search yielded 40 peer-reviewed articles detailing health care team training evaluations. Guided by 11 focal questions, two trained raters extracted details regarding training design, implementation, evaluation metrics, and outcomes. RESULTS: Findings indicate that team training is being implemented across a wide spectrum of providers and is primarily targeting communication, situational awareness, leadership, and role clarity. Relatively few details indicate how training needs were established. Most studies collected data immediately posttraining; however, less than 30% collected data six months or more posttraining. Content analyses highlight the need for enhanced detail in published training evaluation reports. CONCLUSIONS: In many respects, health care team training implementation and evaluation align with best practices suggested from the science of training, adult learning, and human performance; however, opportunities for improvement exist. The authors suggest several mechanisms for furthering the health care team training evidence base to enhance patient safety and work environment quality for clinicians.
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U2 - 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181f2e907
DO - 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181f2e907
M3 - Article
C2 - 20841989
AN - SCOPUS:78649324690
SN - 1040-2446
VL - 85
SP - 1746
EP - 1760
JO - Academic Medicine
JF - Academic Medicine
IS - 11
ER -