The active enhancer network operated by liganded RXR supports angiogenic activity in macrophages

Bence Daniel, Gergely Nagy, Nasun Hah, Attila Horvath, Zsolt Czimmerer, Szilard Poliska, Tibor Gyuris, Jiri Keirsse, Conny Gysemans, Jo A. Van Ginderachter, Balint L. Balint, Ronald M. Evans, Endre Barta, Laszlo Nagy

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

58 Scopus citations

Abstract

RXR signaling is predicted to have a major impact in macrophages, but neither the biological consequence nor the genomic basis of its ligand activation is known. Comprehensive genome-wide studies were carried out to map liganded RXR-mediated transcriptional changes, active binding sites, and cistromic interactions in the context of the macrophage genome architecture. The macrophage RXR cistrome has 5200 genomic binding sites, which are not impacted by ligand. Active enhancers are characterized by PU.1 binding, an increase of enhancer RNA, and P300 recruitment. Using these features, 387 liganded RXR-bound enhancers were linked to 226 genes, which predominantly reside in CTCF/cohesin-limited functional domains. These findings were molecularly validated using chromosome conformation capture (3C) and 3C combined with sequencing (3C-seq), and we show that selected long-range enhancers communicate with promoters via stable or RXR-induced loops and that some of the enhancers interact with each other, forming an interchromosomal network. A set of angiogenic genes, including Vegfa, has liganded RXR-controlled enhancers and provides the macrophage with a novel inducible program.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)1562-1577
Number of pages16
JournalGenes and Development
Volume28
Issue number14
DOIs
StatePublished - Jul 15 2014
Externally publishedYes

Keywords

  • Angiogenesis
  • Enhancer
  • Macrophage
  • RXR
  • Transcription

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

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