TY - JOUR
T1 - Temporal sequence of hearing impairment and cognition in the baltimore longitudinal study of aging
AU - Armstrong, Nicole M.
AU - An, Yang
AU - Ferrucci, Luigi
AU - Deal, Jennifer A.
AU - Lin, Frank R.
AU - Resnick, Susan M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America 2018.
PY - 2020/2/14
Y1 - 2020/2/14
N2 - Background: Hearing impairment (HI) could be a risk factor for cognitive decline, but cognition could plausibly also affect psychoacoustic assessment of hearing with audiometry. We examined the temporal sequence of hearing and cognitive function among nondemented, community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Hearing and cognition were assessed between 2012 and 2015 and 2 years thereafter in 313 nondemented participants aged ≥60 years in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Poorer hearing was defined by pure-tone average of 0.5-4 kHz tones in the better-hearing ear. Cognitive measures with either visual or auditory inputs were Trail-making Test Part B; Digit Symbol Substitution Test; California Verbal Learning Test immediate recall, short delay, and long delay; Digit Span Forward/Backward; Benton Visual Retention Test; and Mini-Mental State Examination. We used linear regression models for cross-sectional associations at each timepoint and autoregressive, cross-lagged models to evaluate whether baseline hearing impairment (Time 1) predicted cognitive performance 2 years after baseline (Time 2) and vice versa. Results: Cross-sectionally, there were no associations between poorer hearing and cognitive performance. Longitudinally, poorer hearing was associated with declines in California Verbal Learning Test immediate (β = -0.073, SE = 0.032, p =. 024), short-delayed (β = -0.134, SE = 0.043, p =. 002), long-delayed (β = -0.080, SE = 0.032, p =. 012) recall, and Digit Span Forward (β = -0.074, SE = 0.029, p =. 011).) from Time 1 to Time 2. Cognitive performance at Time 1 did not predict change in hearing status at Time 2. Conclusions: Audiometric hearing impairment predicted short-term cognitive declines in both California Verbal Learning Test and auditory stimuli for attention.
AB - Background: Hearing impairment (HI) could be a risk factor for cognitive decline, but cognition could plausibly also affect psychoacoustic assessment of hearing with audiometry. We examined the temporal sequence of hearing and cognitive function among nondemented, community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Hearing and cognition were assessed between 2012 and 2015 and 2 years thereafter in 313 nondemented participants aged ≥60 years in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Poorer hearing was defined by pure-tone average of 0.5-4 kHz tones in the better-hearing ear. Cognitive measures with either visual or auditory inputs were Trail-making Test Part B; Digit Symbol Substitution Test; California Verbal Learning Test immediate recall, short delay, and long delay; Digit Span Forward/Backward; Benton Visual Retention Test; and Mini-Mental State Examination. We used linear regression models for cross-sectional associations at each timepoint and autoregressive, cross-lagged models to evaluate whether baseline hearing impairment (Time 1) predicted cognitive performance 2 years after baseline (Time 2) and vice versa. Results: Cross-sectionally, there were no associations between poorer hearing and cognitive performance. Longitudinally, poorer hearing was associated with declines in California Verbal Learning Test immediate (β = -0.073, SE = 0.032, p =. 024), short-delayed (β = -0.134, SE = 0.043, p =. 002), long-delayed (β = -0.080, SE = 0.032, p =. 012) recall, and Digit Span Forward (β = -0.074, SE = 0.029, p =. 011).) from Time 1 to Time 2. Cognitive performance at Time 1 did not predict change in hearing status at Time 2. Conclusions: Audiometric hearing impairment predicted short-term cognitive declines in both California Verbal Learning Test and auditory stimuli for attention.
KW - Cognition
KW - Executive function
KW - Hearing
KW - Memory
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U2 - 10.1093/gerona/gly268
DO - 10.1093/gerona/gly268
M3 - Article
C2 - 30500877
AN - SCOPUS:85079359903
SN - 1079-5006
VL - 75
SP - 574
EP - 580
JO - Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
JF - Journals of Gerontology - Series A Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences
IS - 3
ER -