@inproceedings{42f40459ad51446db5c8e9de29637f21,
title = "Technical note: Design and validation of an open-source library of dynamic reference frames for research and education in optical tracking",
abstract = "Purpose: Dynamic reference frames (DRFs) are a common component of surgical tracking systems, but there is a limited number of commercially available, valid tool designs, presenting a limitation to researchers in image-guided surgery and other communities. This work presents the development and validation of a large, open-source library of DRFs for passive optical tracking systems. Methods: Ten groups of DRF designs were generated according to an algorithm based on intra-and inter-Tool design constraints. Validation studies were performed using a Polaris Vicra tracker (NDI) to compare the performance of each DRF in group A to a standard commercially available reference tool, including: Tool-Tip pivot calibration and measurement of fiducial registration error (FRE) on a computercontrolled bench Results: The resulting library of DRFs includes 10 groups-one with 10 DRFs and nine with 6. Each group includes one tool geometrically equivalent to a common commercially available DRF (NDI #8700339). Fiducial registration error (FRE) was 0.15 ± 0.03 mm, indistinguishable from the reference. Conclusions: The library of custom DRF designs perform equivalently to common, commercially available reference DRFs and present a multitude of distinct, simultaneously-Trackable DRF designs. The open-source library contains files suitable to 3D printing as well as tool definition files ready to download for research purposes.",
keywords = "Dynamic Reference Frame, Infrared Tracking, Open-Source, Optical Tracking, Rigid Body Tool, Three-Dimensional Printing",
author = "A. Brown and A. Uneri and {De Silva}, T. and A. Manbachi and Siewerdsen, {J. H.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the STAR Program at Johns Hopkins University for Undergraduate Research. The authors thank Dr. Andrew Wiles and Mr. Jeff Stanley (NDI, Waterloo ON) for helpful input on DRF design. Thanks also to Mr. Alex Martin and Ms. Radhika Rajaram (Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University) for assistance with the computer-controlled navigation bench and 3D printing. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 SPIE. Copyright: Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.; Medical Imaging 2018: Image-Guided Procedures, Robotic Interventions, and Modeling ; Conference date: 12-02-2018 Through 15-02-2018",
year = "2018",
doi = "10.1117/12.2322412",
language = "English (US)",
series = "Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE",
publisher = "SPIE",
editor = "Baowei Fei and Webster, {Robert J.}",
booktitle = "Medical Imaging 2018",
}